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A film with extensive, non-simulated sex scenes in 3D, has scarcely troubled the box office but seems fated to become the cause célèbre for an alleged new wave of prudishness in France.
The film Love was booed at the Cannes Film Festival in May and almost universally rubbished by critics.
After a complaint by a right-wing pressure group, a panel of judges ruled this week that the movie should be given an 18 age restriction – a rare event in France for all but outright pornography.
The director and the producer of Love say that the decision reflects the increasing, censorious influence of the Catholic hard right in France.
They have appealed to the state watchdog, the Conseil d’Etat .
The film’s controversial poster By the time that body rules in late September, Love , directed by the Franco-Argentinian Gaspar Noé, may have vanished from cinemas.
In a period of two weeks as an over-16s offering in eight Paris cinemas last month, the movie attracted 15,597 members of the public.
After the Paris administrative court ruled that its over-16 classification should be withdrawn, the movie’s producer, Vincent Maraval, tweeted: “In France it is now forbidden to love if you are under the age of 18.”
Maraval makes his screen debut in the film in a cameo role as a wife-swapping policeman.
Show all 20 1 /20The most controversial films The most controversial films A Clockwork Orange, 1971 Adapted from Anthony Burgess's best-selling novel, A Clockwork Orange tells the story of Alex and his gang of violent 'droogs' who kill tramps and rape women.
The film is infamous for the copycat behaviour it inspired - which many thought to be the reason that director Stanley Kubrick withdrew the film in the UK. After his death, his wife Christiane revealed that the actual reason he had the film banned was on the advice of the police after severe threats were made to him and his family.
The most controversial films The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, 1974 Five friends go to visit their Grandfather's grave after hearing it was vandalised, and pick up a hitchhiker on the way. After the hitchhiker takes a knife and slashes himself and one of the boys, they promptly get rid of him but have to stop for gas at a small sinister looking place which unbeknown to them, is the home of the chainsaw wielding Leatherface.
The film was loosely inspired by real-life murderer Ed Gein who wore human skin, but didn't use a chainsaw.
It was banned in several countries, including in the UK on the advice of the British Board of Film Classification. However, the BBFC passed it for release in 1999 with an 18 certificate.
The most controversial films The Exorcist, 1973 One of the most controversial horror films of all time, this tells the story of a 12 year-old girl possessed by a demonic force and the two priests who try and save her soul.
The film received critical acclaim when it was nominated for 10 Oscars, and won two for Best Sound and Best Writing. But filming was plagued by disaster and William Friedkin's movie has legendary status as one of the most cursed films to have been made.
The most controversial films Life of Brian, 1979 This Monty Python film was banned in Norway (1979-1980), Singapore and Ireland (1979-1987)
Brian was born in a stable next to Jesus and as a result is deemed a messiah, but he can't seem to convince his followers otherwise.
Due to its heavy religious satire, the film was not well-received by many religious activists. In 2009, the thirty-year old ban of the film in the Welsh town of Aberystwyth was finally lifted. Sweden, on the other hand, used the controversy to its advantage, marketing the film as 'the film so funny that it was banned in Norway'.
The most controversial films The Last Tango in Paris, 1973 A young Parisian woman (Maria Schneider) begins a sordid affair with a middle-aged American businessman (Marlon Brando) who wants their relationship to be based only on sex.
The film became notorious for its butter-lubricated sex scene, which still haunts Schneider, as it wasn't part of the original script. In the New York Post, 2007, she said 'I felt humiliated and, to be honest, I felt a little raped... Thankfully, there was just one take... I never use butter to cook anymore - only olive oil.'
It was banned in Italy (1972-1986), Singapore, New Zealand, Portugal (1973-1974) and South Korea.
The most controversial films All Quiet on the Western Front, 1930 Banned in Austria (1931-1945) and Germany (1931-1945), this film follows a group of young German soldiers who come to understand the tragedy of war and misconceptions of their enemies when they fight in World War One.
Due to its anti-war and perceived anti-German messages, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party banned the film from Germany until the end of World War Two. During its brief run in German cinemas in 1930, the Nazis disrupted the viewings by releasing rats in the theatres.
The most controversial films Caligula, 1979 The story of Roman Emperor Caligula who used violent means to get to the throne, his shocking actions during his tyrannical reign and his subsequent descent into insanity.
Banned in Canada and Iceland, the film was considered controversial not only for its depiction of violence, but also for the gratuitous nudity and Caligula's sexual passion for his sister.
The most controversial films The Last House on the Left, 1972 A pair of teenage girls go to a rock concert to celebrate one of their birthdays and afterwards try to get some marijuana in the city. They are then kidnapped by a gang of psychopaths who have just escaped from prison.
The Last House on the Left was directed by Wes Craven who also directed The Hills have Eyes (1977) which was banned in Finland, A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), and the Scream films - where he appeared in all three.
It was censored in many countries and particularly controversial in the UK. It was given an 18 certificate - with cuts - by the BBFC in 2002 and finally classified uncut for video release in 2008.
The most controversial films Freaks, 1932 A beautiful trapeze artist agrees to marry the leader of the circus performers who is also a dwarf, but his friends discover she is only marrying him for his inheritance.
Director Tod Browning took the exceptional step of casting real people with deformities, rather than using costumes and makeup. His choice shocked audiences of the time and despite the film having since achieved cult classic status, its release resulted in Browning struggling to find work.
A beautiful trapeze artist agrees to marry the leader of the circus performers who is also a dwarf, but his friends discover she is only marrying him for his inheritance.</p> <p>Director Tod Browning took the exceptional step of casting real people with d
The most controversial films The Evil Dead, 1983 This film was banned in Malaysia, UK (1983-1990), West Germany (1984), Sweden, Iceland, Ireland and Singapore
Five friends take a trip to a cabin in the woods where they find the Book Of The Dead, which awakens a demonic force turning them into zombies.
The Evil Dead was one of the first films deemed a 'Video Nasty' - the term for films criticized for their violent content by various religious organizations, in the press and by commentators.
The most controversial films 120 Days of Sodom, 1975 Also known as Salò, this film is based on the book by Marquis de Sade which he wrote while imprisoned in the Bastille in 1785. Sade was incarcerated in prison and in an insane asylum for nearly half his life.
In Pasolini's film, four men of power in Italy: the Duke, the Bishop, the Magistrate and the President, collect a group of teenagers, and subject them to 120 days of torture. Graphically violent, the film was, and is still, banned in several countries for its depiction of sexual torture - particularly to children, as they are raped, mutilated and forced to eat faeces. Despite all of this - the film still excludes some of the horrors of the book - it's no wonder why the word Sadism was derived from Marquis de Sade's name.
The most controversial films Mikey, 1992 Opening with a boy killing his parents, this film follows Mikey, a disturbed little boy who murders his family, and moves on to his adoptive parents. Mikey had, in fact, been passed '18' uncut by the BBFC in November 1992. This film - unlike, say, Reservoir Dogs and other banned titles - had officially been 'passed out' of the BBFC: in other words, Mikey's distributor had the certificate in his hand and now all he had to do was find a theatre to screen his film.
In February 1993, however, James Bulger was killed by two 11-year-old boys and the Daily Mail immediately pointed out that the upcoming Mikey also featured a child killer. Head Censor of the BBFC James Ferman was already scared from the effects of the Bulger case as other films has been blamed for the horrific attack, and so he demanded the return of Mikey's certificate, making it banned in the UK.
<p><b> Mikey </b></p> <p> Opening with a boy killing his parents, the film follows Mikey, a disturbed little boy who murders his family, and moves onto his adoptive parents. Mikey had, in fact, been passed '18' uncut by the BBFC in November 1992. This fi
The most controversial films I Spit on Your Grave, 1978 Also known as Day of the Woman, this is the story of a woman who retreats out of New York to write her first novel, and is captured by a group of local men, in order for one of them to lose their virginity. The four men gang-rape her, destroy her novel and leave one to murder her - but he cannot go through with it. After her recovery, she then plots to take her revenge each of them, violently murdering each them all.
The controversy is linked to the lengthy and graphic gang-rape scene which has been described as glorifying violence against women. The writer and director, Meir Zarchi, responded to such criticisms by explaining how he was inspired to make the film after he helped a young woman after finding her bloodied and naked in New York after she had been raped - denying that the film was too exploitative.
The most controversial films Cannibal Holocaust, 1980 This film was banned in several countries, including Singapore, Australia, Norway (1984-2005), Finland (1984-2001), Malaysia, Philippines, New Zealand (2006), Ireland, Iceland (1984-2006), West Germany, Italy (1980-1984) and the UK (1984-2001)
A director and his crew head to the Amazon rainforest to shoot a documentary about the tribes there, but vanish while there. An anthropologist then heads there to attempt to find them and discovers the film reel, revealing exactly what happened to the crew.
Apart from the genuine cruelty to animals which finds Cannibal Holocaust in the midst of controversy to this day, the film originally went to court as there was a belief that it was actually a snuff film. As the actors who had been murdered in the film had signed contracts to agree not to be used in any form of publicity for the film for a year afterwards, the director Ruggero Deodato struggled to prove that the deaths in the film were not real, and eventually had to break their contracts in order to avoid life imprisonment.
The most controversial films Visions of Ecstasy, 1989 >
This 18 minute film includes scenes featuring a sexualised representation of Saint Teresa of Ávila caressing the body of Jesus on the cross. As a result of this the film was rejected for a UK certificate by the BBFC on the grounds of possible blasphemous libel.
The distributor took the case to the European Court of Human Rights in 1996 to consider whether the existence of a law of blasphemy was consistent with Freedom of Expression rights. Although blasphemy laws in the UK were only repealed in 2008, the film is still not classified and so it remains the only film banned in the UK on the grounds of blasphemy.
The most controversial films Das Testament des Dr. Mabuse, 1933 The Testament of Dr. Mabuse follows Berlin police inspector Lohmann investigating a case in which all clues lead to a man, Dr Mabuse, who has been in an insane asylum for years.
With the rise of Hitler, Goebbels became head of the Ministry of Propaganda and banned the film in Germany, suggesting that the film would undercut the audience's confidence in its political leaders. Goebbels called the film a menace to public health and safety and stated that he would not accept the film as it 'showed that an extremely dedicated group of people are perfectly capable of overthrowing any state with violence'.
Despite Goebbels saying he was 'struck by the dullness of its portrayal, the coarseness of its construction, and the inadequacy of its acting' he still organised private viewings for his friends, and the director, Fritz Lang, later claimed that Goebbels asked him to work for him in order to create films for the Nazis (although there is no evidence to support this).
The most controversial films Faces of Death, 1978 Banned in New Zealand, Australia, Finland, Norway and the UK (1984-2003), this film includes faked scenes of people getting killed intermixed with footage of real accidents, all to show audiences the different 'faces' of people while dying.
It features executions by decapitation and the electric chair, animals eating people, suicides and major accidents. Whille some of the footage (Allan A. Apone, make-up and special effects artists for the film said it was 40 per cent) is obviously fake, there is also stock footage of a napalm bombing in Vietnam, various newsreel footage, and wartime footage of Hitler.
The most controversial films Aftermath, 1994 This short horror film is directed by Nacho Cerdà and doesn't actually feature any dialogue. The audience sees a mortician after hours in the morgue, as he mutilates the corpse of a young woman who died in a car crash. Shortly after, he has sex with the dead body, taking pictures in the process. He then brings her heart home to feed his dog.
Unsurprisingly, the necrophilia is the controversial topic in the film which shocked audiences, but it has also been praised for its attention to detail and cinematography.
The most controversial films The Devils, 1971 Based on The Devils of Loudun by Aldous Huxley, this film is a dramatised historical account of the rise and fall of Urbain Grandier, a 17th century French priest executed for witchcraft following the supposed possessions of Loudun.
Father Grandier's sexual appeal makes the clergy jealous and the nuns outraged, accusing him of sorcery and evil spells, not content until he is burned at the stake.
Ken Russell's film was banned from Italy and its stars Vanessa Redgrave and Oliver Reed were threatened with three years' jail time if they set foot in the country.
The most controversial films Straw Dogs, 1971 Dustin Hoffman stars as a Mathematician who experiences some harassment from local men, who go on to rape his wife Amy, leading him to respond with a violent attack.
The initial rape scene was criticised, as Amy begins to find it pleasurable due to a sexual history with the rapist. Feminist cinema critics accused director Peckinpah of glamorizing rape and the BBFC asked for cuts to the scene, but the film was finally passed fully uncut for DVD in September 2002.
Released in the same year as A Clockwork Orange, The French Connection, and Dirty Harry, the film sparked heated controversy over the increase of violence in cinema.
In an interview with the newspaper Libération , he said: “We must now wait for the ruling of the Conseil d’Etat . We will then know what kind of country France has become.”
Love is described by its makers as a non-pornographic 3D exploration of the beauty of love-making. It has lingering, non-simulated but not especially explicit love scenes.
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Try for free The film tells the story in drug-fuelled flashbacks of a tumultuous love affair between an American film student, Murphy (played by Karl Glusman) and his estranged, now vanished, girlfriend, Electra (Aomi Muyock).
Le Monde complained about the film’s “inept screenplay and pscyho-moralising confusion”.
From left, Aomi Muyock, Karl Glusman, director Gaspar Noé and Klara Kristin at the screening of ‘Love’ in Cannes, where it was booed (Getty) (Getty Images) The French film classification board, the Centre National du Cinéma (CNC), gave the movie an over-16 showing licence in June. The Culture Minister, Fleur Pellerin, objected and asked for an over-18 licence. The CNC stood firm.
A legal challenge was made by a right-wing pressure group Promouvoir, which works to “promote Judeo-Christian values in all areas of social life”. A panel of judges decided this week that the “repetition” and “prominence” of non-simulated sex scenes was “likely to disturb the sensibility of minors”.
They ordered that the film’s classification be raised to over 18.
Another French director, Jean-Paul Salomé, said that the ruling overturned France’s traditionally liberal-minded system of film classification and left it open to “second guessing” by right-wing groups and the courts.
He added: “The decision is absurd at a time when anyone, minor or not, can easily find on the internet images far more traumatic than anything in Gaspar Noé’s film.”
The president of Promouvoir, the group which brought the successful legal action, is Patrice André, also known as André Bonnet, a lawyer close to a far-right party which broke away from the Front National in 1999.
“Why do film producers absolutely insist on showing such destructive scenes to the young?” he asked. “If it is an adult film, made by adults, it should be able to stand or fall commercially with an adult audience.”
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