Researchers find first common autism gene

Researchers have found the first common genetic link to autism and said yesterday it could potentially account for 15 per cent of the disease's cases.

Three studies, two in the journal Nature and one in Molecular Psychiatry, suggest changes in brain connections could underlie some cases.

While the findings do not immediately offer hope for a treatment, they do help explain the underlying causes of the condition, which affects as many as one in 150 children, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.

"These findings establish that genetic factors play a strong role in autism spectrum disorder," National Institutes of Health acting director Dr Raynard Kington said in a statement.

"Detailed analysis of the genes and how they affect brain development is likely to yield better strategies for diagnosing and treating children with autism."

Autism refers to a spectrum of diseases, from severe and profound inability to communicate and mental retardation, to relatively mild symptoms called Asperger's syndrome.

Doctors have been at a loss to explain it, although it has been clear autism can often run in families, suggesting a genetic cause.

"Previous studies have suggested that autism is a developmental disorder resulting from abnormal connections in the brain. These three studies suggest some of the genetic factors which might lead to abnormal connectivity," Dr Thomas Insel, director of NIH's National Institute of Mental Health, said in a statement.

The international team of researchers looked at DNA from more than 12,000 people, some from families affected by autism, and unaffected volunteers.

"We estimate that the variants we discovered may contribute to as many as 15 per cent of autism spectrum disorder cases in a population," Dr Hakon Hakonarson of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, who worked on the study, said in a statement.

"Most of the genes that have been identified in these studies are involved in the connections between neurons called synapses,' said Tony Monaco of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at Britain's University of Oxford, who worked on the study, said in a statement.

"This does seem to fit with what we know from brain scans - that people with autism may show different or reduced connectivity between different parts of the brain."

The mutations are not unique to people with autism.

"While this gene variant is common in the general population, we discovered that it occurs about 20 per cent more often in children with autism," said Dr. Daniel Geschwind of the University of California Los Angeles, who worked on the study.

"Until now, no common genetic variant has been identified with such overwhelming evidence to support its role in autism spectrum disorders," added Dr. Margaret Pericak-Vance of the University of Miami.