Open View : BBC Learning Zone - Sun, Sea, Sand ... And Science Introduc ing OU Programmes on TV

Why do we like to be beside the seaside? This programme in the 'open.saturday' series explores the mysteries of the seashore and takes us through the hole in the ozone layer

'The sea was wet as wet could be, the sands were dry as dry, reported Lewis Carroll, but the open.saturday programme Sun, Sea, Sand and Science broadcast on 15 August takes viewers further in understanding the mysteries of the seashore than the Walrus and the Carpenter could ever imagine.

Presenter Mike Bullivant asks why we so love to be beside the seaside. He takes us deep into the tidal zone and through the hole in the ozone layer to the very core of the sun (while giving advice on the best sunglasses).

With our bodies made up of around seventy per cent water and our first nine months spent floating in a watery environment, we may all have a vestigial memory of the sea as an essential source of life and well-being.

From the Greeks and Romans through to the sea bathing craze of the Prince Regent's circle in Brighton and then the sunbathing fashion beginning on the Cote D'Azur of the 1920s, we have valued the sea as a balm for tired bodies and minds.

Catherine Deneuve and Isabelle Adjani are among those who value seaweed products for the benefits offered by their vitamins, amino acids and antibiotic properties. Warmed sea-water is the essential ingredient in fashionable thalassotherapy treatments for a range of conditions including fatigue, circulatory problems, heart disease and even cellulite.

For other smaller creatures that live in the tidal zone it's a hard existence with relentless exposure to wave action and wind. In the fierce competition for living space, barnacles spray out larvae once a year and tough it out against the weather. For those organisms that can survive the elements, there's a pay-off in plenty of food and light as well as minerals for the algae. Sun, Sea, Sand and Science takes a close-up of the world of the 'rabbits' of the seashore, the limpets which graze across rock surfaces scraping and vacuuming off bacteria and algae from the surfaces of rocks. The evidence is in the zig zag trail of scratches left by the limpets observed by every child on holiday.

This programme uses fossil evidence to explore the history of some larger and older creatures who were less successful at survival - the dinosaurs. The plant root fossils and extraordinary three-toed footprints provide evidence of the dinosaurs presence, just as if they had left behind a half-eaten piece of Whitby rock and a pair of flip-flops.

But what happened 65 million years ago for the dinosaurs to disappear so suddenly? Sun, Sea, Sand and Science examines and challenges the theory of an asteroid the size of Manhattan hitting Mexico, causing a global fireball and a dust cloud the equivalent of a 'nuclear winter'. Is this meteorite strike the equivalent of the 'smoking gun' in the dinosaurs' demise, or was it simply another contributor to an environment already stressed-out and on the edge of collapse?

Scientists still push back our knowledge of another great fireball in the sky - the sun. At the Big Bear Observatory in California, astronomers study magnetic fields of the sun. The eruptions and solar flares can be some of the most graceful and beautiful phenomena. The solar energy is captured by plants on earth and - through the near-magical process of photosynthesis - makes England a green and pleasant land. Sun, Sea, Sand and Science descends to earth and demonstrates how the sun gives us the building blocks of all cells and the fuel to make it all work.

William Blake claimed to see the world in a grain of sand. This open.saturday follows his advice. Lewis Carroll was less certain:

The Walrus and the Carpenter

Were walking close at hand:

They wept like anything to see

Such quantities of sand:

'If this were only cleared away,'

They said, 'it would be grand!'

Sitting on the beach with our sensible sunglasses absorbing ultra-violet radiation and our thick layer of sun-screen cream absorbing UVA, we may happily disagree.

Sun, Sea, Sand and Science BBC2 9.00-10.40am 15 August

Programme Guide For August

Friday 7 August

00.30 Hard Rock Cafe

B820/3 Launching South Africa's first Hard Rock Cafe calls for a subtle blend of Western business values with local culture. 36113

01.00 Running the Community: Markets and Hierarchies

D212/08A Looking back to 1991 at the changes that took place within local authorities as a result of Government legislation. 49736

01.30 Running the Country: New Forms of Partnership

D212/9 How partnerships between the public and private sectors are promoting prestigious sporting events to foster urban regeneration. 87484

02.00 The Greats: Scientists and Inventors - 5

Was there life before the mobile phone? Tonight - key inventions in everyday life. 99465

04.00 Suenos World Spanish: 17-20 (subtitled)

An introduction to Spanish from Spain and the Spanish-speaking world

17 De Moda

18 Manos del Uruguay

19 El Arte

20 America!

56295

05.00 Computers Don't Bite: Getting Online - 4 (rpt)

How to get on the Internet and how to get the best out of it. For anyone interested in the Internet

2022533

05.45 Picturing the Modern City

D213/6 From Leeds to Paris and New York, a look at the ways in which early photographers and film-makers represented cities. 6666620

06.10 The Effective Manager

B784/1 Finding common strands in the working lives of three managers from different organisations.

7450620

06.35 Open Advice: The Three Degrees

FOA095/17 Students share their experiences of doing a higher degree.

3061991

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Monday 10 August

02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures

BBC Learning Zone's summer season, featuring some of the most influential people of our time, continues this week with famous people in history. Tonight - from Gengis Khan to Stalin: cracking the whip with the greatest dictators. 56861

04.00 The Travel Hour: Venice and the Dolomites

Exploring different regions of Italy with special items on travel, culture, food and drink as well as some essential survival language. 74403

05.00 The Business Programme

Issues and ideas for small businesses, presented by Liz Barclay. This programme includes a 'fly-on-the-wall' look at decision making at key points in the life of a business, and regular features covering key business developments. This week - first of two special features on IT. 2960749

05.45 Putting Training to Work: Britain and Germany

EU208/20 Comparing British and German policies for youth training among school leavers. 6504836

06.10 News Stories

U210/7 Trainee journalists and The Day Today team talk about the way television news gets made. 7398836

06.35 Children, Science and Commonsense

ED209/9 How do children explain the physical world, where do their ideas come from and how scientific are they? 3909107

Tuesday 11 August

00.30 The Rinuccini Chapel, Florence

A354/7 A tour of one of the most complete surviving examples of a 14th century funerary chapel. 37343

01.00 The Gentle Sex?

A319/13 A look at how writers have represented the changing image of women during the twentieth century. 83904

01.30 Fontainebleau: The Changing Image of Kingship

A205/18 Exploring the sumptuous palace that was converted from a hunting lodge for King Francis I.

26594

02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures

Tonight - a chance to enter the minds of the world's most influential thinkers. 17695

04.00 The Travel Hour: Milan and the Alps

Explores different regions of Italy with items on travel, culture, food and drink as well as some essential survival language. 35237

05.00 Skills For Work: Team Working

Identifying the skills needed to work successfully with colleagues as part of a team - and how you can develop effective working relationships. What makes a good team worker; how a team can work well; how to lead a team. 2920121

05.45 The Jews and Islam

PH722/5 Why have Jews and Christians traditionally had such differing relationships with Islam?

6571508

06.10 Poetry and Landscape

A206/13 What can the study of 18th century landscape paintings and poetry tell us about attitudes to politics and society at the time?

7365508

06.35 Greenberg on Art Criticism

A316/19 The eminent American art critic Clement Greenberg discusses the theory and practice of art criticism.

3976879

Continues on the next three pages###

Wednesday 12 August

00.30 The Spiral of Silence

MST121/4 Investigating the reasons behind the failure of the opinion polls to predict the result of the 1992 General Election. 95367

01.00 The Programmers

M206/7 The history of computing and the people who devised the code to make them work. 24928

01.30 To Engineer is Human

M206/15 How an engineering approach to software development can save time, money - and even lives.

62676

02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures

Tonight - from Henry VIII to Queen Victoria. 45589

04.00 The Travel Hour: The Italian Riviera and Bologna

Exploring regions of Italy with special items on travel, culture, food and drink as well as some essential survival language. 85909

05.00 Career Moves

Working in complementary therapies and beauty work. For: adults who are keen to know more about career choices. 2997893

05.45 Patterns in the Dust & Batteries Included

T102/506 A dramatisation of a medical case from the 1960s and an insight into an electrically powered car.

8468386

06.35 Work and Energy

T235/6 How energy can be stored in springs and flywheels, then released to do work. 3936251

Thursday 13 August

00.30 Synthesis of a Drug

S246/7 How did chemists set about developing a new kind of pain-killer?

72139

01.00 Molecular Engineers

S246/1 Organic chemists can now make designer molecules with precise geometry which could lead to revolutionary new applications. 74690

01.30 The Cretaceous Greenhouse

S269/5 130 million years ago the Earth's atmosphere contained phenomenal quantities of carbon dioxide. But where did it all come from?

16110

02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures

Causing a stir with some of the great revolutionaries. 31619

04.00 The Travel Hour: Tuscany and Rome

Exploring different regions of Italy with special items on travel, culture, food and drink as well as some essential survival language. 42961

05.00 My Brilliant Career: Lord Spens - The Trail Of A Banker

Lord Spens found himself in the dock, despite his claims of innocence, over the Guinness affair. 49416

05.30 20 Steps To Better Management

Improving your people skills at work:

the Vision Thing 3215936

05.45 Watering the Desert

S268/4 Selenium poisoning California's birdlife, the dregs of the Colorado River reaching Mexico - just two of the many water management problems in the USA. 8435058

06.35 Energy at the Crossroads

S268/5 How much oil and gas are left under the North Sea - and what are the possible alternatives? 3830023

Friday 14 August

00.30 Autism

DSE202/7 A look at the work of two psychologists trying to find better ways of diagnosing and treating this baffling disease. 22801

01.00 Powers of the President: Nixon and Ford

D214/3 Two former Presidents talk about the Vietnam War, diplomatic secrecy, and an intimate moment with Leonid Brezhnev. 93511

02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures

Tonight - we profile the world's greatest warriors. 85153

04.00 The Travel Hour: The South - Naples and Sicily

Exploring different regions of Italy with special items on travel, culture, food and drink as well as some essential survival language. 34545

05.00 Computers Don't Bite: What's Online - 5 (rpt)

How to get on the Internet and how to get the best out of it. 2868337

05.45 A Global Culture?

D213/7 Comparing the marketing strategy of the James Bond team with the work of one major Hispanic radio station in Los Angeles. 6402424

06.10 The Car Industry: A Level Playing Field?

D212/3 How global factors affect the British motor industry. 7296424

06.35 Global Firms in the Industrialising East

D215/3 How multinational corporations decide where to locate their operations. 3807795

Monday 17 August

02.00 The Greats: Explorers

Tonight - going to the ends of the earth with transcontinental exploration. 53611

04.00 Italianissimo: 1-4

Filmed in different regions around Italy the programmes offer a guide to Italian language and culture.

1 Immagini

2 In famiglia e fra amici

3 Il tempo libero

4 I pendolari

For: Adult beginners 97291

05.00 The Business Programme

Issues and ideas for small businesses. Includes a 'fly-on-the-wall' look at decision making in the life of a business, and regular features on key topics. This week: second of two special features on IT. 2799253

05.45 Partnership Or Going It Alone

E326/6 How schools have responded to the challenge of managing their own resources. 6333340

06.10 After the Revolution

EU208/17 What were the priorities for educationalists in the Czech Republic after the fall of Communism?

7127340

06.35 News Stories

U210/7 Trainee journalists and The Day Today team talk about the way television news gets made.

3738611

Tuesday 18 August

00.30 A Question of Identity: Berlin and Berliners

A221/3 Charting the transformation of a city and its people. 39147

01.30 The Rinuccini Chapel, Florence

A354/7 A tour of one of the most complete surviving examples of a 14th century funerary chapel. 24296

02.00 The Greats: Explorers

Tonight - Braving the ice with explorers who ventured into the north pole.

29321

04.00 Italianissimo: 5-8

Filmed in different regions around Italy the programmes offer a guide to Italian language and culture.

5 Vivere in citta

6 Nel mondo della musica

7 A cas nostra

8 Che giornata!

For: Adult beginners 47963

05.00 Skills For Work: Customer Care

The programme deals with getting and keeping customers; developing staff skills; dealing with difficult situations. 2766925

5.45 Toulouse: Money and Power in Provincial France

A205/19 A look at how architecture was used to display wealth and authority in one of the richest cities of 16th century France. 6300012

06.10 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Retreat to Romanticism

A206/14 How the composer came to create a whole new philosophy based upon the natural life he loved.

7194012

06.35 Modern Art: Jackson Pollock

A316/21 A debate between art historian TJ Clark and art critic Michael Fried about the meaning of Pollocks's work. 3705383

Wednesday 19 August

00.30 Living with Technology: Writing a Report

T102/507 Advice from two professional writers, and a look at Teleworking. 90971

01.30 Something in the Air

T353/7 How and why cracks appear in aircraft and what can be done to overcome the problem. 69426

02.00 The Greats: Explorers.

Tonight - discovering lost cities and their people. 60345

04.00 Italianissimo: 9-12

Filmed in different regions around Italy the programmes offer a guide to Italian language and culture.

9 A caccia di funghi

10 La moda

For: Adult beginners

11 La settimana bianca

12 La riviera dei fiori

For: Adult intermediate 87187

05.00 Career Moves

This programme presents aspects to consider about working in an office.

2660797

05.45 Keep Your Distance

MST204/34 Mathematically speaking, how far behind the car in front should you drive to avoid an accident?

6204884

06.10 Paris and the New Mathematics

MA290/7 Mathematics became a tool of the State during the French Revolution causing some of the greatest achievements of the century.

7098884

06.35 This Little Flower Went to Market

MT365/7 How maths can help choose the best route for transporting flowers from farm to supermarket

3609155

Thursday 20 August

00.30 Our Invisible Sun

S281/1 Studying the entire spectrum of radiation shows how there's more to the Sun than meets the eye.

75117

01.00 Good Seeing

S281/2 A look at the largest optical telescopes on Earth now using sophisticated technology to 'see' better through the atmosphere.

26038

01.30 Cosmic Recycling

S281/3 How the death of a star provides the material for new stars to be born

19198

02.00 The Greats: Explorers

Tonight - behind the scenes with explorers who reached new heights to scale Mount Everest. 54407

04.00 Italianissimo: 13-16

Filmed in different regions around Italy the programmes offer a guide to Italian language and culture.

13 In vacanza

14 Stile Italiano

15 La capitale

16 Posso presentarmi

For: Adult intermediate 72049

05.00 My Brilliant Career: Terry Maher:

Profile of Terry Maher, an accountant who became the most powerful bookseller in Britain with Dillons bookshops, until the successes became failures. 62204

05.30 20 Steps To Better Management

Hugh Dennis presents tips and techniques on improving your people skills at work. Motivating People 3044440

05.45 Plant Growth Regulators

S203/25 Finding out what makes a plant turns towards the sun, or a tomato ripen. 6271556

06.10 The Regulation of Flowering

S203/26 What causes a flower to bloom and how can commercial growers use this knowledge to their advantage?

7065556

06.35 Patterns in Green

S203/27 Examining the huge variety of patterns produced by plants and their flowers. 3676827

Friday 21 August

00.30 Pacific Studies: Coming Home to Banaba

DD302/5 Former citizens of a tiny Pacific island return to see the devastation wrought by 80 years of phosphate mining. 29119

01.00 Television to Call Our Own

D318/10 How, in the face of commercial pressures and American competition, Canada tries to promote its own culture on television. 47150

01.30 We the Peoples: Democracy and the UN

D316/7 Exploring the changing role of the UN since the end of the Cold War.

69860

02.00 The Greats: Explorers

Tonight - going beyond the boundaries to explore space. 71841

04.00 Italianissimo: 17-20

Filmed in different regions around Italy the programmes offer a guide to Italian language and culture.

17 Organizziamoci

18 Identita

19 Lo scambo di cultura

20 Punti di vista

For: Adult intermediate 22711

05.00 Computers Don't Bite: Business - 1 (rpt)

How to buy, install and maintain the right system; how to exploit IT opportunities how to get online; and get the best out of the Internet. 2697841

05.45 Changing Berlin

D215/11 Political and social changes in Berlin since the turn of the century, seen through the eyes of some of its residents. 6248228

06.10 Changing Climate?

DT210/5 It's a major news story but is climate change really the most important environmental problem facing humanity? 7032228

06.35 Bulls, Bears and China Shops

B752/3 How has Marks & Spencer adapted to the demands of marketing their products in Hong Kong?

3643599

Monday 24 August

02.00 The Greats: Champions of Nature.

Tonight - pioneers in the world of nature 89927

04.00 Spain inside out: 1

Take a fresh look at Spain from the interior to the coast with this new five-part travel, culture and language series. For: Absolute beginners

04.30 Talk Spanish: 1-2

A new lively, fast-track introduction to everyday Spanish.

1 Introducing yourself and talking about work

2 The family, numbers and ordering drinks 81499

05.00 The Business Programme

Issues and ideas for small businesses, presented by Liz Barclay. Includes a 'fly-on-the-wall' look at decision making at key points in the life of a business, and regular features on key topics. This week: marketing.

2535057

05.45 Images of Disability

E242/7 People with disabilities want respect and self-esteem in their jobs. Yet charity advertising often portrays them as needy, sad or heroic.

6179144

06.10 After the Revolution

EU208/17 What were the priorities for educationalists in the Czech Republic after the fall of Communism?

7963144

06.35 Windows on the Mind

ED209/8 Drawings by children from Dundee and an Aboriginal community in Australia's Northern Territory raise questions about theories of child development. 3574415

Tuesday 25 August

00.30 Words and Music

A214/7 Finding out what happens when a composer sets words to music, using scenes from Purcell's opera 'Dido and Aeneas' 67699

01.00 Changing Voices

A319/14 Elizabeth Jennings, Fleur Adcock, Carol Rumens and Grace Nichols talk about their lives and work as poets. 56632

01.30 Toulouse: Money and Power in Provincial France

A205/19 A look at how architecture was used to display wealth and authority in Toulouse - one of the richest cities in 16th century France. 94380

02.00 The Greats: Champions of Nature

Tonight - a profile of the greatest names in the natural world.

39699

04.00 Talk Spanish: 3-6

A new lively, fast-track introduction to everyday Spanish.

3 Where you live and work

4 Shopping and at the hotel

5 Transport and ordering food

6 Leisure time and revision

For: Absolute beginners 40941

05.00 Skills For Work: Problem Solving (personal)

Everyone faces problems, some personal and some work related. Tonight's programme looks at some of the ways personal problems can be solved, the skills involved and how to develop existing skills. 2502729

05.45 Richard II: Character of a King

A205/20 What was Richard II really like? Jeremy Irons, Michael Pennington and David Giles discuss their approaches to the role of this complex character. 6146816

06.10 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Retreat to Romanticism

A206/14 How the composer came to create a whole new philosophy based upon the natural life he loved.

7930816

06.35 Greenberg on Jackson Pollock

A316/24 The eminent American art critic discusses the work of Jackson Pollock. 3541187

Wednesday 26 August

00.30 Seeing through Maths: The Rainbow

MU120/4 A mathematical investigation into the properties of this subtle and often misunderstood phenomenon.

37171

01.00 The World Network

M206/14 How and why are Indian companies becoming a force in the new global software market?

40794

01.30 Pyramids, Plato and Football

M336/2 Investigating the geometric connection between the Egyptian pyramids, the roof at Manchester Airport, and the design of footballs.

88442

02.00 The Greats: Champions of Nature.

Tonight - champions of the natural world. 90423

04.00 Espana Viva: 1-2 (subtitled)

Filmed in different regions of Spain, the programmes offer a stimulating introduction to Spanish language and culture.

1 Cmo te llamas?

2 Mucho gusto!

For: Adult beginners 87317

05.00 Career Moves

This programme will take you through aspects to consider about working in: teaching. For: adults who are keen to know more about career choices.

2499201

05.45 Keeping Watch on the Invisible

T237/7 Air pollution is all around us, but how is it possible to monitor something that can't be seen?

6040688

06.10 Four Towns and a Circus

T245/2 Looking behind the scenes of Chipperfield's to explore the problems of running the biggest animal circus still touring Britain.

7834688

06.35 Vibrations

T235/7 How car designers set about making sure their passengers always get a smooth ride.

3445959

Thursday 27 August

00.30 The Cretaceous Greenhouse World: Poles Apart

S269/8 How plant fossils give detailed information about the Earth's climate during one of its most fascinating periods - the Cretaceous.

36331

01.30 Rapid Climate Change

S269/4 Three experts visit some of their former research sites to explain the effects of climate change during the Quaternary period.

12176

02.00 The Greats: Champions of Nature.

Tonight - the greatest pioneers in the world of nature. 57485

04.00 Espana Viva: 3-4 (subtitled)

Filmed in different regions of Spain, the programmes offer a stimulating introduction to Spanish language and culture.

3 De compras

4 Dnde?

For: Adult beginners 68737

05.00 My Brilliant Career: Derek Hatton - A Very Different Man

Profile of politician Derek Hatton.

65282

05.30 20 Steps To Better Management

Hugh Dennis presents tips and techniques on improving your people skills at work. Putting Stress To Work

3880244

05.45 Biology: Control in Reproduction

S203/17 How does a Soay sheep know that it's the right time of year for breeding? 6000060

06.10 The Mammalian Kidney

S203/19 From the retention to rejection of salts and water - a look at the workings of the kidney

7894060

06.35 Atlantic Salmon Scaling the Salt Barrier

S203/18 Exploring the physiological feats of Atlantic salmon as they migrate between freshwater and the sea. 3405331

Friday 28 August

00.30 Fortress Europe

D218/8 Position and policy towards asylum seekers, war refugees and guest workers have made Germany a prime route for immigration in Europe. 35157

01.00 Berlin: Unemployment and the Family

D311/1 Looking at the welfare state in a re-unified Germany through the eyes of three Berlin families.

83409

01.30 Somewhere a Wall Came Down

D311/2 Re-unification in Germany brought about widespread unemployment - how are families in East Berlin coping? 11770

02.00 The Greats: Champions of Nature.

Tonight - pioneers in the natural world. 90867

04.00 Espana Viva: 5-6 (subtitled)

Filmed in different regions of Spain, the programmes offer a stimulating introduction to Spanish language and culture.

5 De vacaciones

6 En coche

For: Adult beginners 18409

05.00 Computers Don't Bite: Business - 2 (rpt)

Information for owners and managers of small businesses: how to buy, install and maintain the right computer system; how to exploit IT opportunities to develop the business; how to get online; how to get the best out of the Internet. 2433645

05.45 Environment - The Heat is On

U206/7 Is global warming really threatening the habitability of the planet? 6077732

06.10 The Traditions and The Environment

D103/14 What's new and what's traditional about present day thinking on the environment? 8408157

Monday 31 August 02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures Tonight, from Gengis Khan to Stalin - cracking the whip with the greatest dictators. 75615 04.00 Spain inside out: 2 Take a fresh look at Spain from the interior to the coast with this new five-part travel, culture and language series. For: Absolute beginners 04.30 Talk Spanish (rpt) A new lively, fast-track introduction to everyday Spanish. For beginners 93257 05.00 The Business Programme Issues and ideas for small businesses, presented by Liz Barclay. This week: export. 2364561 05.45 Managing in the Marketplace E326/8 How some schools have responded to the new market economy by promoting themselves with advertising. 6915948 06.10 The Academy of Waste? EU208/18 Universities in Italy have a 70% drop-out rate. Why? 7709948 06.35 Children and New Technology ED209/12 How computer games, videos and television affect child development. 3310219 Tuesday 1 September 00.30 Mining for Science AS283/7 We go silver mining in Germany to investigate an early geological theory about how the Earth's crust was formed. 74826 01.00 Richard II: Character of a King A205/20 What was Richard II really like? Jeremy Irons, Michael Pennington and David Giles discuss. 97159 01.30 Richard II: Politics, Patriotism & Authority A205/21 Jeremy Irons, Michael Cronin and David Giles discuss politics, patriotism and authority in Shakespeare's Richard II. 42197 02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures. Tonight - a chance to enter the minds of the world's most influential thinkers. 54178 04.00 Talk Spanish (rpt) A new lively, fast-track introduction to everyday Spanish. 65420 05.00 Skills For Work: Problem Solving How to approach and find a solution to a problem is an essential skill for everyone in today's workforce. 7175468 05.45 Shropshire in the 16th Century A205/22 Shropshire's rich architectural heritage reveals how society was transformed after the seizure of monastic estates during the Reformation. 5618807 06.10 Chardin and the Still Life A206/15 In 18th century France, Jean Baptiste Chardin was hailed as the master of still life painting. How did he develop his technique? 9463994 06.35 Jasper Johns' Flag A316/22 What meaning lies behind this famous work? 5622791 Wednesday 2 September 00.30 Vibrations T235/7 How car designers set about making sure their passengers always get a smooth ride. 33579 01.00 Brazil - Out of Development? U208/4 A look at the contradictions within Brazilian society -one of the most powerful economies, yet two thirds of its people live in poverty 55840 01.30 Given Enough Rope T203/8 Whether made of hemp, steel or plastic, the modern rope is a technical marvel. 60260 02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures Tonight - from Henry VIII to Queen Victoria - we go backstage with the royals. 43173 04.00 Espana Viva: 7-8 (subtitled) Filmed in different regions of Spain, the programmes offer a stimulating introduction to Spanish language and culture. For: Adult beginners 7 El tiempo es oro 8 Que aproveche! 16821 05.00 Career Moves Working in creative and artistic jobs. 7135840 05.45 Paris and the New Mathematics MA290/7 Mathematics became a tool of the State during the French Revolution causing some of the greatest achievements of the century. 5685579 06.10 Beating the Morning Rush MST204/35 How city planners in Milton Keynes predict future traffic flow. 9430666 06.35 Problems with Patterns M246/5 Striped patterns can trigger epileptic fits or cause headaches. How statistics can help discover why. 5699463

Thursday 3 September 00.30 The Interactive Zone Have your say about the issue discussed in last weekend's open saturday programme. Also, find out what's hot on the worldwide web. 7516086 00.45 Venus Unveiled S281/4 Recent pictures of Earth's twin planet have provided some answers about its uncharted surface, but new problems now face scientists. 9711067 01.10 Design for an Alien World S281/05 How scientists developed experiments for the Cassini/Huygens space mission to explore the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. 3386390 01.35 Mapping the Milky Way S281/06 How a century of scientific discovery has gradually unveiled the secrets of our own galaxy. 6572048 02.00 The Greats: Historical Figures Tonight - causing a stir with great revolutionaries. 30932 04.00 Espana Viva: 9-10 (subtitled) A stimulating introduction to Spanish language and culture. For: Adult beginners 9 De tiendas 10 Tiempo libre 58574 05.00 RCN Nursing Update 084: Gender Matters - Women's Health Women have changing health needs throughout life; these issues are highlighted with examples of nursing care. Further information: RCN 0171 409 7365 7102512 05.45 Shaping Up S203/28 What process ensures that egg, spore or seed will develop into the adult form? 5645951 06.10 Projecting Visions S203/29 Spinal cord injuries cause permanent disability but research now suggests that these nerves might be persuaded to regenerate and heal. 9407338 06.35 What You Never Knew About Sex S203/30 How just a few degrees variation in the incubation temperature of alligator eggs can make all the difference to the sex of the offspring. 5666135