Anniversaries

Births: Matthew Parker ('Nosey Parker'), Archbishop of Canterbury, 1504; Nicolas de Malebranche, philosopher, 1638; Francois de Salignac de la Mothe Fenelon, playwright, priest and author, 1651; William Hyde Wollaston, chemist and physicist, 1766; Daniel O'Connell, Irish leader and lawyer, 1775; Georg Friedrich List, economist, 1789; Alfred, first Baron Tennyson, poet, 1809; Ilya Yefimovich Repin, painter, 1844; Leo Carrillo, actor, 1880; Sir Alexander Fleming, bacteriologist and discoverer of penicillin, 1881; John Middleton Murry, author and editor, 1889; William Joseph Slim, first Viscount Slim, field marshal, 1891; Ruth Suckow, novelist, 1892.

Deaths: Stephen V, King of Hungary, 1272; Pope Callixtus III, 1458; Anne Hathaway, wife of William Shakespeare, 1623; Ben Jonson, playwright, 1637; Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez, painter, 1660; Eugene Aram, schoolmaster, philologist and murderer, hanged 1759; David Allan, historical painter, 1796; John Mason Neale, writer of hymns, 1866; Wilhelm Liebknecht, journalist and socialist, 1900; Joseph-Achille Le Bel, chemist, 1930; Preston Sturges, film director, 1959; Nancy Carroll, actress, 1965; Theodor Adorno (Weisengrund), philosopher and sociologist, 1969; Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, Cuban dictator, 1973; Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini), 1978.

On this day: the Moors were defeated by the Spanish at the Battle of Simancas, 939; the Holy Roman Empire ended after the crown was renounced by Francis II, who became Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 1806; Bolivia declared its independence from Peru, 1825; Louis Napoleon led a rising at Boulogne, but this failed, 1840; war began between France and Morocco, 1844; the Savoy Hotel, London, was opened, 1889; in the US, the electric chair was used for the first time to execute a murderer (William Kemmler) in New York, 1890; the Corinth Canal, Greece, was opened, 1893; the Allies landed at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, 1915; Gertrude Ederle, swimmer, became the first woman to swim the English Channel, 1926; Don Juan, the first feature-length sound film, was publicly shown in the US, 1926; the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, 1945; Jamaica became independent, 1962.

Today is the Feast of the Transfiguration and the Feast Day of St Hormisdas, pope and Saints Justus and Pastor.