China detains five over Tiananmen commemoration held by 15 scholars, lawyers and writers in a private home

Police have warned reporters against visiting ‘sensitive places’

Pro-democracy activists shout slogans as they march on a street during a rally (Getty Images)

Early last month, 15 people went to a Beijing apartment to mark the 25th anniversary of the crushing of pro-democracy protests around Tiananmen Square. Among them were scholars, a prominent Chinese human rights lawyer, writers and the mother of a student who was killed by soldiers on 4 June 1989.

A few days later, five were in police detention after a photograph of the gathering circulated on the internet. They were charged with “causing a disturbance”, a crime that carries a jail term of up to five years.

It’s the first time authorities have charged anyone for commemorating the Tiananmen crackdown privately in a home, activists said, showing China’s determination to snuff out any mention of an event that riveted the world and convulsed the ruling Communist Party.

Beijing usually puts people under temporary house arrest and tightens security ahead of the 4 June date.

“We haven’t seen this sort of crackdown before,” said Zhang Lifan, an independent historian who was not at the gathering. Amnesty International said 48 people had been detained, placed under house arrest, questioned by police or had gone missing ahead of the anniversary. Police have also warned foreign reporters from visiting “sensitive places” and prevented them from interviewing people on the topic.

Police declined to comment, as did an official at the Beijing No.1 Detention Centre, where the four men and one woman are being held. Under China’s two-stage legal process, charges levied under detention allow police to interrogate a suspect and build a case. The suspect is then either formally arrested and tried or released.

Sensitive anniversaries always worry China, but none more so than that of the Tiananmen crackdown. After initially tolerating the student-led demonstrations in the spring of 1989, the Communist Party sent troops to crush the protests.

The government has never released a death toll for the crackdown, but estimates from human rights groups and witnesses range from several hundred to several thousand.

The anniversary comes as China grapples with challenges such as slowing economic growth, dire pollution, endemic corruption and violence in the troubled western region of Xinjiang.

“This is a rocky time for China. They’ve got to keep tight control,” said David Zweig, a professor of Chinese politics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

Addressing the gathering on the afternoon of 3 May, human rights lawyer Pu Zhiqiang said he never regretted participating in the 1989 protests as a student.

“If I have to pay a price for 4 June, I will do it,” he said.

Liu Di, a blogger who became a symbol for free speech in China when she was detained in 2002 for criticising the government, spoke for about two minutes, saying she advocated non-violence to bring about change.

The participants were not too concerned about government reprisals, although they had turned off their mobile phones to avoid surveillance. Xu Youyu, a scholar, told his friends: “We haven’t had a problem when we’ve held these forums in the past.”

A day later, police summoned several of them for questioning. Police raided their homes and took their computers. Five – including Pu, Liu and Xu – were detained on 6 May.

While the Tiananmen crackdown has always been taboo in China, activists had been able to commemorate it quietly. Mo Shaoping, a lawyer for Xu, said the 20th anniversary was marked by a larger forum in a hotel in Beijing.

Since Xi Jinping became President in March 2013, however, his administration has taken a hard line on dissent, detaining and jailing activists, clamping down on internet critics and tightening curbs on journalists in what rights groups call the worst suppression of free expression in recent years.

Indeed, although Xi appears determined to tackle corruption and pollution and put the economy on a more sustainable path, he has so far shown little time for political reform or a loosening of Community Party control.

It is unclear why the five activists, whose detentions have been criticised by the US and the European Union, were targeted and not others at the gathering.

Several family members of those detained said they were surprised, since not all were high-profile critics of the government.

Reuters