He urged Republicans to use the 'Nuclear Option' to remove the filibuster, a parliamentary tool requiring 60 votes to advance most bills in the 100-member Senate.
Most Republicans, however, have strongly resisted calls to eliminate the filibuster, arguing it would dilute their power when in the minority and encourages compromise.
Historically, the filibuster was removed for nominations by both Democrats in 2013 and Republicans in 2017, but not for legislative matters.
Despite the president's push, key Republican figures, including Senate Majority Leader John Thune, continue to defend the filibuster as crucial for the Senate's function and for finding common ground.