The report emphasises there is no safe level of air pollution, which negatively impacts nearly every organ and contributes to conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and dementia.
The economic cost of air pollution is estimated to be between £27 billion and £50 billion per year in healthcare expenses and productivity losses.
Leading medical bodies and charities, including the RCP and Asthma and Lung UK, are urging the government to set ambitious air quality targets and enact tougher clean air laws.
A cross-party group of MPs plans to reintroduce Ella's Law, aiming to establish clean air as a human right under UK law and require ministers to achieve clean air throughout England by 2030.