The dramatic intervention, which included shots being fired, saw officers regain control of the facility located 47 miles southwest of Guatemala City.
No injuries or fatalities were immediately reported following the police action.
The incident was part of a larger, coordinated uprising across three prisons, where a total of three dozen guards were seized by inmates.
Guatemala's Interior Ministry attributed the widespread unrest to a decision by prison administrators to revoke privileges from certain imprisoned gang leaders, asserting they do not negotiate with terrorists or organised crime.