This marks the first recorded global bird extinction from mainland Europe, North Africa, and West Asia.
The species, once widespread and migratory, had its decline first documented in 1912, with no sightings since the mid-1990s.
While the exact causes are largely unknown, hunting, wetland drainage, and overgrazing are believed to have contributed to its demise.
The extinction highlights the global biodiversity crisis and underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts for other declining wading birds, such as the Eurasian curlew.