The report found that 59 per cent of novelists had their work used to train large language models without permission or payment, with 39 per cent reporting a loss of income due to generative AI.
Many novelists anticipate a future decline in earnings, with 51 per cent explicitly fearing complete displacement by AI, and genre authors are identified as particularly vulnerable.
Despite anxieties, 80 per cent of novelists acknowledge AI's societal benefits, and a third currently use it for non-creative tasks.
Literary creatives are calling for stronger copyright enforcement, informed consent, fair remuneration, transparency from tech companies and government support, with 86 per cent advocating for an “opt-in” principle for AI training.