Rhode Island District Judge Jack McConnell found the government failed to address administrative issues, causing preventable delays in distributing partial benefits to millions of Americans.
The judge said Trump "stated his intent to defy the court order" by linking SNAP payments to the government reopening, despite a previous order to use emergency funds.
McConnell criticized the Department of Agriculture for "creating this problem" and knowing there would be significant delays for partial SNAP payments.
The ruling aims to prevent millions of families from going hungry, as SNAP funding was at risk of lapsing for the first time in the nation's history.