Unveiled at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the board is intended to mediate global conflict and was presented as an alternative to the United Nations.
Several nations on the board, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Jordan, and Pakistan, are among the 75 countries facing US immigrant visa processing restrictions.
The board, which Trump chairs, expects members to contribute $1bn and controversially includes Tony Blair among its members.
Jared Kushner presented CGI-generated images of a "New Gaza" featuring luxury apartments and data centres as part of the board's vision for the region.