Happy days: Human brain now registers smiley face emoticon as real facial expression

Cultural use of emoticons has managed to reprogramme people’s brains to respond as if were a real human face, new research has found

The emoticon :-) was first posted to a digital message board in 1982 (Getty Images)

The human brain has adapted to react to emoticons in the same way we would to expressions on real human faces, new research suggests.

Having first appeared in the 1980s, the pattern of brain activity triggered by looking at an emoticon smiley face is now the same as when someone sees a real smiling human face, scientists from the school of psychology at Australia's Flinders University in Adelaide said.

"There is no innate neural response to emoticons that babies are born with. Before 1982 there would be no reason that ':-)' would activate face sensitive areas of the cortex but now it does because we've learnt that this represents a face," Dr Owen Churches told ABC News.

"This is an entirely culturally-created neural response. It's really quite amazing."

The smiley face emoticon was first used in a post by Professor Scott E Fahlman to the Carnegie Mellon University computer science general board in 1982, Dr Churches added.

To carry out the research, 20 participants were shown images of real faces, smiley face emoticons, and a meaningless string of characters.

Interestingly, when the series of punctuation used to create a smiley face was reversed to show '(-:', or presented upright, no response was triggered. "Areas of the brain most readily involved in face perception aren't able to process the image as a face," said Churches.

Only when the emoticons were presented in the conventional digital communication manner - as ':-)' was the punctuation read as a smiling face.

"Emoticons are a new form of language that we're producing," Dr Churches said, "And to decode that language we've produced a new pattern of brain activity."