Researchers Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn found that the lack of women in certain industries and specific jobs is one factor.
“Significantly, women continue to lag in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math),fields particularly in mathematically-intensive fields. And gender differences in college major have been found to be an important determinant of the pay gap between college-educated men and women,” they said.
Tech companies have to make more space for women to close the pay gap between male and female workers, the report found.
Only six per cent of the engineering work force is female in the UK, according to stats from the Women’s Engineering Society.
If outright sex discrimination has declined sharply, women’s career choices, affected by motherhood and family, are still creating inequality, the research found.
Nearly 90 per cent of women in the US do net get paid any family leave.
Mothers were perceived to be less competent and less committed to paid work. Lower starting salaries were recommended for them, according to the study.
“Current research continues to find evidence of a motherhood penalty for women and of a marriage premium for men,” the report finds.
“The greater tendency of men to determine the geographic location of the family continues to be a factor even among highly educated couples.”
The additional hours women might spent in housework and children are associated with lower wages, the study finds.
It does not get easier for women in highly skilled professions, where progress in pay equality has been slower, according to the research.
Female employees working at a higher level are more likely to be harshly penalised for time spent away from the office.
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Although the study primary focusses on the US, much of what it shows is applicable to other countries, according to the writers.
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