Trump administration tells US citizen he cannot sue former Egyptian leader over torture

Egypt accused of pressuring US government into blocking lawsuit

Mohamed Soltan, a US citizen who became a prominent Egyptian political prisoner, filed a federal lawsuit against the man he says directed his torture (Pete Marovich for The Washington Post)

The State Department has declared that a former Egyptian leader now serving on the executive board of the International Monetary Fund should be immune from a federal lawsuit brought by a US citizen seeking to hold him liable for torture, according to court filings on Friday.

The decision followed allegations of a diplomatic pressure campaign by the government of Egyptian president Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi to block the lawsuit against former interim prime minister Hazem el-Beblawi, who was named to the IMF board in 2014.

Several US lawmakers and human rights groups have accused Egypt of blackmailing the Trump administration by threatening to weaken their strategic partnership in the Middle East unless Washington intervenes to dismiss a lawsuit from Mohamed Soltan. Since the suit was filed by Mr Soltan, a Washington-based human rights advocate who was imprisoned for 21 months in Cairo, Egyptian authorities have imprisoned several of his Egyptian relatives, in what human rights groups say is a bid to silence him.

“If the State Department had any discretion here and they chose to use it to protect this guy, that would be outrageous,” said Democratic representative Tom Malinowski, a former State Department appointee who spearheaded a letter from 11 House lawmakers urging the Egyptian government to release Mr Soltan’s relatives and affirming Mr Soltan’s right to sue under US law.

“If I were at the State Department, my message to the Egyptians would be: ‘You can challenge this case in a lawful manner and ask us for help or you can kidnap the relatives of American citizens, in which case you can go to hell,’” Mr Malinowski said. He cited US law barring arms sales to governments engaged in a pattern of intimidation against American citizens.

Attorneys for Mr Beblawi disclosed the US “certification of immunity” in a filing on Friday afternoon as part of a motion to dismiss a lawsuit filed last month by Mr Soltan who was released in 2015 and has become a vocal advocate for Egyptian prisoners, including several American citizens.

Foreign governments and leaders are typically immune from civil suits in US courts. However, Mr Soltan cited the US Torture Victim Protection Act, a 1991 law that allows suits against those allegedly liable for torture or inhumane treatment that takes place anywhere in the world if the defendants are in the US and no longer heads of state or government.

In a certification dated 7 July and signed by Clifton Seagroves, principle deputy director of the office of foreign missions, the State Department said Mr Beblawi still qualifies as a diplomatic envoy as Egypt’s “principal resident representative” to the IMF per United Nations agreements. The department notice, included in a court filing by Mr Beblawi, said that under diplomatic convention he enjoys “full immunity” from criminal, civil and administrative actions in the US.

Neither attorneys for Mr Soltan nor a spokesperson for the Egyptian Embassy in Washington responded on Friday to emailed requests for comment.

A State Department spokesperson said: “The welfare of all US citizens overseas, especially those detained or incarcerated, remains a top priority for the State Department. We are not going to comment further on this pending legal matter.”

Mr Beblawi’s attorney Timothy Broas said in the filing that his defence recently received a copy of the notice and accompanying State Department diplomatic note.

The response came after Mr Broas told the court this month that on 21 June the Egyptian government, through its Washington embassy, had said: “Mr El Beblawi has immunity from suit, not only by virtue of his current diplomatic status, but also personal immunity due to his official position of Prime Minister of Egypt at the time of the events cited.”

US district judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly of Washington, DC, has given Mr Soltan until 28 July to respond to Mr Beblawi’s bid to dismiss the case.

Earlier this month, lead Soltan attorney Eric Lewis called Egypt’s actions “outrageous” in comments to Foreign Policy magazine, which quoted him as saying “[Torture] is a breach of international law. [This request] is basically an attempt by the Egyptians to call in a political favour and have the United States give a free pass to torture. That is contrary to law and contrary to our values.”

Senate foreign relations committee members Christopher Coons and Marco Rubio sent a private letter to Egypt’s ambassador urging Egypt to “halt its harassment” and intimidation of the Soltan family, the magazine reported.

An Egyptian American raised mostly in the Midwest, Mr Soltan is seeking damages for being shot, beaten and tortured during 643 days as a political prisoner in Cairo.

Since his arrest in August 2013, Mr Soltan has become a high-profile critic of the Egyptian military government and he alleged in his lawsuit he was “targeted” for assassination and “barbaric” abuse because he exposed the regime’s suppression of Islamist and liberal dissidents that led to massacres in Cairo in August 2013.

The suit asserts Mr Beblawi directed and monitored the abuse of Mr Soltan, who worked as a liaison to foreign journalists during protests after the military-led ouster of Egypt’s elected president, Mohamed Morsi.

Days after the lawsuit was filed, five of Mr Soltan’s relatives were forcibly taken by security forces from their homes last month, and his imprisoned father was interrogated, his lawyers told the court.

“There is no doubt that the government is holding my five apolitical cousins and dad hostage to pressure me into silence,” Mr Soltan said this month. “The ransom is dropping my lawsuit. They told my family so.”

Human rights activists say that the el-Sissi government has arrested tens of thousands of people for political reasons – among them US citizens such as Mustafa Kassem, an auto parts dealer from New York who died in an Egyptian prison in January.

Relatives of more than two dozen political opponents, human rights workers, pro-democracy activists and journalists living abroad have been arrested in Egypt, slapped with travel bans or hauled into security offices for interrogation.

Mohamed Lotfy, executive director for the Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms, has said the government’s message is: “‘We are watching you. We might not be able to harm you, but we can do worse by harming your relatives.’ It’s a very powerful tool.”

In a diplomatic note filed by Mr Beblawi’s defence, the State Department said it certified Mr Beblawi’s immunity after receiving three diplomatic notes from Egypt’s embassy. The certification also came one day after the department announced Egypt’s release of another dual Egyptian American citizen from New Jersey, medical student Mohamed Amashah, who was held a prisoner for 486 days on political charges.

The Washington Post