Italian mafia accused of embezzling government money meant for refugees as 68 arrested

Migrants arriving in Calabria are forced to eat rancid chicken while local mobsters siphon off funds for luxury hotels and restaurants

The Sant’Anna Cara reception centre: managers were among those arrested for fraud, misuse of public money and mafia association (Alessandro Grassani)

The government provided millions of euros to care for the migrants who had arrived at the reception centre at Italy’s toe after travelling across deserts, war zones or choppy seas.

But on many days, they were served little more than rancid chicken. Some did not eat at all when the food ran out.

At the same time, the priest who founded the local branch of the charity managing the centre was spending money on expensive hotels and restaurants, splurging on fine wines and stashing thousands of euros in three safes at home.

His business partners – mobsters and their associates – outfitted their bathtubs with golden taps. Some hid thousands of euros in vacuum-sealed plastic bags tucked in their fireplaces.

The centre’s managers, including the Reverend Edoardo Scordio, were among 68 people arrested this spring on charges of fraud, misuse of public money and mafia association.

A year-long investigation exposed a vast embezzlement scheme that authorities siphoned off nearly €36m, or about $41m, in government money – more than a third of the €102m provided over a decade.

The case in Calabria may be just the most glaring example of how the misery of others has provided ripe opportunity for mobsters and corrupt officials, as Italy struggles to keep up with an unceasing flow of migrants and refugees – more than 83,000 so far this year alone.

The swelling of the migrant population, investigators say, has made the running of reception centres a cottage industry of potential government corruption and mafia penetration.

In recent years, centres all over Italy have been shut for fraud or misuse of public money, exposing insufficient government oversight and often blatant corruption. According to the Rome-based mafia Capitale investigation, managers at a company that secured lucrative public bids to provide services for reception centres are currently standing trial.

“Mobsters are where power and money are,” said Nicola Gratteri, one of Italy’s more active anti-mafia investigators. He is the chief prosecutor in Catanzaro, in Calabria, home to one of Italy’s most powerful mafia groups, the so-called ‘Ndrangheta.

“Beyond cocaine smuggling, ‘Ndrangheta mobsters used to be strong on extortion and public bids; now it’s gaming and the migrants centres,” Gratteri explained in his office, behind an armoured door. “They are just one of the ways to become richer for the mafia.”

The central government in Rome, as well as the EU, provided the reception centre in Calabria with roughly €30 a day for each of the migrants housed in a former Nato base surrounded by razor wire.

The money was supposed to go toward food, housing, personal items, and even social workers and Italian teachers to help the migrants integrate and learn the language.

Instead, using hundreds of hours of hidden camera recordings and reams of administrative documents, investigators say they found that the centre’s catering service did not provide decent food to migrants, or even enough, while invoicing the Interior Ministry for thousands of meals every day.

Waiters in the cafeteria were recorded on videos raising their hands in a shrug to indicate that the food had run out, while dozens were still awaiting their meal.

Migrants did not receive a daily allowance of €2.50 in pocket money, but a card that could be used only at the vending machines inside the centre, allowing mob associates to profit.

The centre also vastly inflated the number of migrants it was caring for, milking the government for still more money than it was due, the investigators say.

Rather than provide aid to the migrants – many of them from central Africa, Pakistan and Bangladesh – much of the money went to fund a host of projects, either for the amusement of the mobsters and their business associates, or to allow them to profit still further.

The enterprises included a sumptuous movie theatre, still under construction; a new sports field; and travel agencies and boat rentals so tourists could explore the turquoise waters of the Capo Rizzuto’s marine reservoir.

A portion of the money went directly to fund the local ‘Ndrangheta, a family-run mafia association that is Europe’s primary importer of cocaine, with tentacles all over the globe.

One benefit of the cash flow, the local authorities and residents say, was that it at least provided enough money for all the notoriously violent and reckless ‘Ndrangheta families in the area, calming the competition and bloodshed among them.

Magistrates noted that the internecine war had stopped in the early 2000s, after the charity took over the reception centre in Isola di Capo Rizzuto, a town of 15,000 in one of Europe’s poorest regions.

The last violent episode happened in 2004 on a dusty road, bordered by the wind turbines that mobsters operated, leading from the town to one of its pristine beaches, when rival mobsters annihilated the most prominent member of the resident family, Carmine Arena.

A hail of machine gun bullets devastated the armoured Lancia car in which he was leaving his home, a villa hidden behind a high wall and an iron gate.

“Wars stop when cash starts flowing in,” said Gratteri, the prosecutor, who is a co-author of a dozen historical books on Italy’s indigenous criminal groups. “Then, they no longer have a reason to fight and attract police attention.”

In fact, the ‘Ndrangheta uses violence only to defend its business or territory, and it flourishes when it has consensus, he said.

In Isola di Capo Rizzuto, the charity involved in the scandal was the local independent branch of Misericordia, run by Scordio.

The nationwide charity does nonprofit social work – like operating ambulances and civil protection services – through public bids or donations, and with the help of volunteers. Prosecutors have found no connection between the national charity and the local scandal.

The Misericordia of Isola di Capo Rizzuto, unusual in size, provides over 300 jobs. The local charity’s managers have been suspended, and the association has been put under judicial administration, though it still runs the centre.

“In Isola, everyone works or knows someone who works for them, so people prefer not to take sides,” said Antonio Tata, the local representative for Libera, the anti-mafia association also founded by a priest, the Reverend Luigi Ciotti.

Tata explained that a few years ago, Scordio, in a public sermon, had spoken of an “invasion” when Libera took part in a public bid to work about 250 acres of olive groves, wheat and barley fields confiscated from the Arena family after members were convicted of mob association.

Scordio seemingly disliked the presence of the anti-mafia association in his area.

“We couldn’t think that he had organised such a business,” Tata said of Scordio. “But we knew that, in small towns like Isola, people consider normal the presence of ‘Ndrangheta families. They are historically used to them.”

But other residents said it seemed clear to all that the charity and the mobsters were in business together.

A resident who has lived in Isola di Capo Rizzuto for 40 years said people in the town suspected something was wrong, with the migrants protesting in the streets about their squalid living conditions despite the millions of euros in government aid. The resident declined to give a name for safety reasons.

The migrants fleeing poverty and violence in their home countries find themselves struggling here.

“We are young and healthy,” said a 20-year-old Pakistani who gave his name only as Touraqui, who has been at the centre for four months. “We need to work.”

The migrants try to find work, but it is not easy to do so.

“I am walking for kilometres at sunset to find work in the fields to make some money,” said Sunday, 25, from Nigeria, who worked in Libya for almost a year.

“But we just can’t live here,” he said. “I’ve come to zero in this place.”

The New York Times