The parents of the Kurdish-Syrian teenager had survived years of war but began to panic when they heard rumours military conscription teams were coming to town.
So, they paid a smuggler $200 and sent their oldest son, Mohamed, who was about to turn 18, from the border town of Kobani 350km east to northern Iraq.
For most of the nine-year civil war, being drafted into the army of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad had not been a concern for the inhabitants of the Kurdish-controlled northeast of the country.
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