There is an unutterable sadness at the heart of Asif Kapadia’s brilliant new film about Amy Winehouse, the singer who died from alcohol poisoning in 2011 aged only 27.

Even in advance of its world premiere this weekend in a midnight screening at the Cannes festival, the film has been dogged by controversy. Amy’s father Mitch Winehouse has spoken on British television about his unhappiness with the documentary, which he claims is unbalanced and misrepresents his own role in his daughter’s life. One of the great strengths of Amy, though, is that it doesn’t indulge in simple-minded accusations about who may or may not have been responsible for Winehouse’s untimely death.

Why did Winehouse go off the rails? There were many, many contributory factors: her parents’ separation; her lifestyle when she moved to Camden; the wayward influence of her ex-husband Blake Fielder-Civil; the pressure of the enormous fame after the release of her second album Back To Black; her often appalling treatment at the hands of the media and her own self-destructiveness, Kapadia realises that it is far too late now to be looking where to lay the blame.

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Instead, starting with Amy as a precocious, jazz-singing teenager in Southgate in the late 1990s, Kapadia takes us through his subject’s life. He and his collaborators have unearthed a huge amount of home movie footage shot by her friends as well as archive material and old photos and demos. There are also extensive interviews with many of those closest to her.

The Amy we first encounter is described as “a North London Jewish girl with a lot of attitude.” She is witty, abrasive (“gobby”) and an incredible jazz singer who wrote gut wrenchingly personal songs.

As Winehouse became richer her descent accelerated

Legendary crooner Tony Bennett, with whom she collaborated late in her career, best puts in perspective the problems that faced Winehouse as a performer. She had a voice to rival that of Sarah Vaughan or Billie Holiday and was at her happiest and best performing in small clubs, but jazz singers  “don’t like 50,000 people in front of them.”

On one level, the film unfolds like a modern-day Rake’s Progress. Winehouse becomes richer and richer, more and more famous, and then her spectacular descent begins. The most depressing anecdote in the film comes from one of her closest childhood friends, who was at the triumphant live performance that Winehouse gave from London (when she was still undergoing treatment for drug addiction) for the 2008 Grammy telecast. The singer called her old friend up from the audience, they went backstage together and Winehouse blithely confided “this is so boring without drugs.”

It is easy to understand why Mitch is upset at the film. “My dad was never there,” she says of her childhood. Others question his decision not to put her into rehab in 2005 and there is an excruciating scene in which he turns up in St Lucia, where she is trying to hide away, with a camera crew in tow. However, Kapadia isn’t making any of this up and there is no sense he is out to demonise Mitch.

One of the paradoxes about the public’s attitude toward Winehouse, who often seems like contemporary music’s answer to Sylvia Plath, is that everyone wanted her to recover and yet still took a ghoulish pleasure in her problems. Chat show hosts and comedians  are shown here joking casually about her addictions, forgetting how young and vulnerable she was.

If Winehouse had remained a jazz singer performing in small venues, her life might not have unravelled in the way that it did. Kapadia's film is steeped in regret and grief over what became of its subject and yet it never loses its sense of awe about what she achieved.

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