UK recognises Juan Guaido as Venezuelan president, Foreign Office tells court
A long-running case concerns around two billion US dollars of assets belonging to the Venezuelan central bank.

The UK Government āclearly and unequivocallyā recognises opposition leader Juan Guaido as president of Venezuela, lawyers representing Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab have told the Supreme Court.
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) has intervened in a long-running case concerning around two billion US dollars (Ā£1.45 billion) of assets belonging to the Venezuelan central bank.
Two ārivalā boards of Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) are battling to secure the release of over one billion US dollars (Ā£800 million) of gold bullion held in the vaults of the Bank of England.
The two boards ā one appointed by Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro and another appointed by Mr Guaido ā are also in a linked dispute involving around 120 million US dollars (Ā£87.5 million) owed to BCV by Deutsche Bank.
Lawyers representing the āMaduro boardā of the BCV took legal action last year to release the gold held on its behalf, which it wants to sell to help tackle the countryās coronavirus crisis.
But the Bank of England said it was ācaught in the middleā of the rival claims to the gold, while the money owed to BCV by Deutsche Bank has been held by court-appointed receivers pending the outcome of the case.
At the centre of the high-stakes legal battle is who the UK Government recognises as the president of Venezuela: Mr Maduro or Mr Guaido.
In February 2019, the then foreign secretary Jeremy Hunt said the UK Government ānow recognises Juan Guaido as the constitutional interim president of Venezuela, until credible presidential elections can be heldā.
It is clear that one president, and one president only, is recognised.
The Governmentās position was repeated in a letter from a senior FCDO official to a High Court judge considering the Deutsche Bank case in March 2020.
Last July, the High Court found Mr Huntās statement meant the Government āunequivocally recognisedā Mr Guaido as interim president of Venezuela, and he therefore has the authority to give instructions in relation to the gold.
But, in October, the Court of Appeal said Mr Huntās statement was āambiguousā and left open the possibility that the Government still recognises Mr Maduro as the āde factoā president of Venezuela.
Lawyers representing the Guaido board are appealing against that decision at a four-day Supreme Court hearing in London.
On Monday, lawyers representing Mr Raab told the Supreme Court that the FCDOās letter to the court was āa clear and unequivocal recognition of Mr Guaido as president of Venezuelaā.
Sir James Eadie QC, for the FCDO, said in written submissions: āIt is clear that one president, and one president only, is recognised.ā
He added: āThe Foreign Secretary, on behalf of Her Majestyās Government, hereby confirms that the UK recognised Mr Guaido as the interim president of Venezuela on February 4 2019 and continues to recognise him in that capacity.
āFrom that date, the UK no longer recognised Mr Maduro as the Venezuelan head of state, whether de facto or de jure.ā
Timothy Otty QC, representing the Guaido board, said the Governmentās intervention meant that the issue of who the UK recognised as the president of Venezuela must be decided āin our favourā.
He told the court: āHer Majestyās Government recognises Mr Guaido and only Mr Guaido as president.ā
But Nicholas Vineall QC, representing the Maduro board, said: āWe do not at all accept that the statement or explanation given by the Secretary of State is fatal to the Maduro boardās case.
āIndeed, we suggest it supports the Maduro boardās case.ā
The hearing, which is being held in person at the Supreme Court in London and livestreamed on the courtās website, is due to finish on Thursday and it is expected that judgment will be given at a later date.