Irma could hit Florida home insurer Citizens Property with a huge blow as landfall approaches

A decade of good weather helped a top US home insurer to recover from successive hurricanes in 2004 and 2005

Hurricane Wilma in 2005 left Citizens Property Insurance reeling in huge payouts (REUTERS)

A decade-long lucky streak of decent weather that helped rescue one of Florida's biggest home insurers from collapse could come to a wet, violent end if predictions about Hurricane Irma prove true.

The state-run Citizens Property Insurance is strong enough to absorb the blow from the monster storm, industry experts say, but all the new claims could punch a hole in its finances, possibly leading to higher premiums in future years.

"Irma will threaten the part of the state where Citizens' market share is the greatest, directly on the coastline," said Robert Hartwig, an economist and insurance expert at the University of South Carolina. "Premiums will rise."

Once a shaky, underfunded company, Citizens has transformed into a model of discipline, flush with money patiently built up over the years.

The company has 218,000 policies in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade counties, according to a March financial report, areas that could get hit hard by Irma. That is 15 per cent of total policies in those counties, down from 41 per cent just six years ago.

Still, Irma is likely to cost Citizens big money.

Citizen’s chief executive Barry Gilway told his board on Wednesday that despite the insurer being dramatically less exposed, it could still wind up having 100,000 claims after the storm passes. Asked by The Associated Press on Wednesday for a dollar estimate of possible losses, a Citizens spokesman would not give a figure.

Mr Hartwig cited estimates that if all homes insured by Citizens were destroyed, an extreme and unlikely case, the insurer would have to pay out $50bn (£38bn) to allow owners to rebuild.

Jack Nicholson, director of the Florida Catastrophic Storm Risk Management Centre at Florida State University, said the storm could wind up costing $100bn in insured and uninsured damage for homes and other buildings in Florida. He said he has never seen a storm so powerful.

"We always talk about the big one, a matter of not if but when," Nicholson said. "This has the potential to be the big one."

Irma is already ranked as the most powerful Atlantic Ocean hurricane in recorded history. As it moved across the Caribbean toward Florida on Wednesday, the Category 5 storm ripped open rooftops, flooded streets and knocked out electricity. Meteorologists said Irma could hit the Miami area by early Sunday, and then pummel the length of the state as it pushes into the Carolinas.

Florida's last spate of bad storms came in quick succession in 2004 and 2005, ending with Hurricane Wilma. The insurance industry reeled from the hits. Many private insurers fled the Sunshine State, leaving Citizens to take over their policies.

By 2006, Citizens had a $1.7bn deficit, meaning it was unable to cover policyholder claims. That was the largest deficit of any US state-run insurer, said USC's Hartwig. Even a normal hurricane season could have toppled the company, he said, forcing the state to borrow heavily to pay out on policies.

But something unexpected happened as the next few years unfolded. The weather cooperated.

"Mother Nature basically left the state alone for a decade," said Mr Hartwig, co-director of the Centre for Risk and Uncertainty Management at USC's Darla Moore School of Business.

Spared big payouts, Citizens has been able to hold onto its cash from premiums collected from property owners and to build up a surplus of $7.5bn. The company has also managed to transfer much of its coverage to many new private insurers.

Citizens now has 453,000 policies, down from a peak 1.5 million in 2012.

Rates were already heading up for many Citizens policyholders, thanks to water damage and lawsuits.

Last month, chief executive Mr Gilway said homeowners in Miami-Dade and Broward counties were likely to see 10 per cent increases this year. For policyholder in Miami-Dade, Mr Gilway estimated average premiums would rise to $3,219 from $2,926. Broward premiums were set to rise to $2,926 from $2,390.

Insurance expert Lynne McChristian said the Irma forecasts keep changing and that makes it difficult to predict any likely losses to Citizens. But even if Citizens manages to dodge the worst, she noted, the danger remains high given hurricane season still has three months left. Already Hurricane Jose has formed in the Atlantic behind Irma.

"Citizens has money to manage one storm, but what happens if we have another one right after that?" said Ms McChristian, Florida spokeswoman for the Insurance Information Institute, a trade group. "We're in peak season right now."

AP