Mysterious gold relic finally identified after baffling scientists for almost 150 years

Plate uncovered alongside female skeleton beneath York station in 1872

Tom Embury-Dennis
Tuesday 23 October 2018 23:16 BST
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Third century golden 'mouth plaque' uncovered under York station in 1872
Third century golden 'mouth plaque' uncovered under York station in 1872

The origin of a mysterious golden relic has been identified after leaving archaeologists baffled for almost 150 years.

The small, flat golden plate was uncovered alongside a female skeleton and a coin at a grave site beneath York station in 1872.

After more than a century of intrigue, a team at Yorkshire Museum - alongside experts from around the world - have revealed it is a Roman mouth plaque dating from the third century.

The 1,800-year-old plaque is the only example of its kind in Britain, and one of only 23 discovered worldwide.

The plaque would be used to cover the mouth of a dead body, and experts said it would usually be used by a person of high status.

But mystery still surrounds how and why it was used, with theories including it being a magical or medicinal amulet to protect the person in death, or a sinister talisman to silence or restrain them.

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Yorkshire Museum assistant curator of archaeology Adam Parker said he is planning to carry out more tests on the female skeleton to shed more light on the mouth plaque itself.

This could include ancient DNA testing and stable isotope analysis to try to establish where the woman was from.

Mr Parker said most of the other mouth plaques were found in the far eastern parts of the former Roman Empire in Syria, Turkey and Crimea, apart from one found in France.

He added: "The hope is if the skeleton could be proved to have an eastern link, where the other examples of the practice are, that would show a level of mobility of this unusual practice from one end of the empire to the other."

The woman is believed to have been between 18 and 30 when she died, and along with the mouth plaque she was buried with a fake silver coin dated between 202 to 210.

The coin, which was made of copper with a silver wash over the top, had the face of Septimius Severus on one side and Fortuna, the goddess of luck on the other.

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Severus was Roman Emperor from 193 until his death in York in 211, but it is not clear whether the woman was buried during this period or later.

Additional reporting by PA

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