Oxford English Dictionary adds new words including yolo, moobs and Westminster bubble in updated edition

Centenary of Roald Dahl’s birth also celebrated with the addition of terms the author created, such as ‘splendiferous’ and ‘scrumdiddlyumptious’

Many of the dictionary updates were notably food-based words (PA)

Yolo (you only live once), moobs (unusually prominent breasts on a man) and Westminster bubble (insular community of politicians, journalists and civil servants out of touch with wider public) are among more than 1,000 new words and phrases that have been added to the Oxford English Dictionary.

Other additions to the quarterly update include gender-fluid, which describes someone who does not identify with a particular gender, and clicktivist, as well as slacktivist – which refer to online activists using social media or online petitions instead of physical involvement.

To mark the centenary of the birth of Roald Dahl, the dictionary has also added Dahlesque (resembling the characteristics or work of Dahl) and popular words used by the author such as “splendiferous” and “scrumdiddlyumptious”.

Susie Rennie, chief editor of the Oxford Roald Dahl Dictionary, wrote in a blog about the additions: “Roald Dahl built his new words from the building blocks of the old, using established patterns of word formation and sound symbolism, so ‘chiddlers’ and grown-ups alike can make sense of it, even when seeing the words for the first time.”

Many of the dictionary updates were notably food-based words. Cheese-eater and cheese-eating have been added, as have Bocconcini (any small items of food or balls of mozzarella), Spanakopita (spinach and cheese pie) and Rendang (Malaysian or Indonesian noodle dish).

Other notable inclusions were ’Merica – used to emphasise qualities that are stereotypically American – and fuhgeddaboudit – a US colloquialism for “forget about it”.

The OED contains more than 829,000 words, senses and compounds from across the English-speaking world.

A complete list of all the new entries is below:

aggrupation, n.

Ah Beng, n.

aiyah, int.

aiyoh, int.

Aling, n.

ang pow, n.

arnis, n.

atas, adj.

balut, n.

bayanihan, n.

biatch, n.

biffy, n.

bocconcini, n.

bodoh, adj. and n.

bracketology, n.

butt-fuck, n.

butt-fuck, v.

butt-fucker, n.

butt-fucking, n.

card reader, n.

casa, n.2

char kway teow, n.

cheeba, n.

cheek kiss, n.

cheer squad, n.

cheerer-upper, n.

cheerlead, v.

cheer-up, adj.

cheese eater, n.

cheese, v.3

cheeseball, n. and adj.

cheese-eating, adj.

chef de cabinet, n.

chef de cuisine, n.

chef de mission, n.

chef de partie, n.

chef d’equipe, n.

chefdom, n.

chiva, n.

cliché-verre, n.

click and collect, adj. and n.

clickbait, n.

clickjacking, n.

clicktivism, n.

clicktivist, n. (and adj.)

clickwrap, n.

clientelist, adj.

clientitis, n.

client-side, adj.

cliff, v.

Clifford, n.

CliffsNotes, n.

clifty, v.

costately, adv.

costi-, comb._form

courtside, n., adj., and adv.

crap, int.

crapper, n.1

cussing, adj.

cussing, n.

customary, n.2

custos archivorum, n.

custos morum, n.

cusum, n.

Dahlesque, adj.

development tool, n.

developmental biologist, n.

developmental biology, n.

film guide, n.

film school, n. and adj.

filmer, n.

film-going, n.

filmi geet, n.

filmsetter, n.

filsting, n.

filter feed, n.

filter feed, v.

filterless, adj. (and n.)

filthied, adj.

fine artist, n.

fine liner, n.

fine ware, n.

fine, n.3

fine-comb, v.

fine-tuned, adj.

flerovium, n.

focality, n.

focking, adj. and adv.

fody, n.

foefie slide, n.

fog index, n.

Foggy Bottom, n.

freemium, n.

fuhgeddaboudit, int.

grandwean, n.

hongbao, n.

Horatio Alger, n.

ileafful, adj. and n.

jack-off, n. and adj.

jagoff, n.

Joachimsthaler, n.

kare-kare, n.

kegerator, n.

kinder, n.

Kindertransport, n.

kindredly, adj.

kindsa, adj.

kopitiam, n.

leaf feeding, adj.

leaf feeding, n.

leaf mosaic, n.

leaf tea, n.

leaf-love, n.

leche flan, n.

lechon asado, n.

lechon, n.

levain, n.

little old lady, n.

livermorium, n.

lola, n.

lolo, n.2

mamak, n. and adj.

Mang, n.

‘Merica, n.

moobs, n.

neurofeedback, n.

neuroplasticity, n.

non-apology, n.

Oompa Loompa, n.

pain au levain, n.

pancit, n.

puto, n.

refurb, adj.

refurb, n.

refurb, v.

rendang, n.

scrimption, n.

scrumdiddlyumptious, adj.

shootaround, n.

shop, v.2

shopaholism, n.

shoplifted, adj.

shoplifting, adj.

shoppable, adj.

shoppertainment, n.

shopping, adj.

shopping, n.1

skronk, int. and n.

slacktivism, n.

slacktivist, n.

spanakopita, n.

squee, int. and n.

squee, v.

sugo, n.

swirlie, n.

tabo, n.

T-bone, v.

tita, n.

tito, n.

toot, n.7

transmat, n.

uh-oh, int.

unsub, n.

upcharge, n.

upspeak, n.

uptalk, n.

viewbook, n.

viewgraph, n.

view-through, n. and adj.

vom, n.

vom, v.

wantingly, adv.1

wantrow, v.

wantruke, n.

want-to, n.

wanzing, n.

witching hour, n.

yaya, n.

yleave, v.

yobbism, n.

yocto-, comb._form

Yoda, n.

Yoda-like, adj.

Yogalates, n.

yogasana, n.

yo-heave-ho, v.

yohimbe, n.

yo-hope, n. (and int.)

yokan, n.

Yokutsan, adj. and n.

yolked, adj.2

yolker, n.

yolkiness, n.2

YOLO, int. and adj.

yotta-, comb._form

zepto-, comb._form

zetta-, comb._form

New sub-entries

associate professor

bathroom humour

bathroom stall

beach chair

BHA

bikini contest

bitch face

blown-out

board sock

boardbag

bog brush

bricks and clicks

brown Windsor

brown Windsor soup

can of corn

caucus-goer

chalet bungalow

cheek implant

cheek patch

cheeky chappie

cheeky chops

cheeky monkey

cheerer-on

cheerer-up

cheese biscuit

cheese cracker

cheese dream

cheese house

cheese man

cheese pie

cheese sandwich

cheese sauce

cheese shop

cheese whey

cheese-rolling

cheese-skipper

cheesewright

chef’s hat

chef’s salad

chicken rice

clarion call

click fraud

click rate

clicker training

clickstream

client base

client conference

client confidentiality

client group

client king

client list

cliff climber

cliff climbing

cliff dive

cliff dive

cliff diver

cliff diving

cliff jumper

cliff jumping

cliff ledge

cliff line

cliff rose

Clifford algebra

Clifford module

Clifford semigroup

climax community

climax forest

cloakroom ticket

cock ring

continuing education

cost accountancy

cost base

cost cut

cost cutter

cost of carry

cost structure

costato-lacunose

costato-nervose

costato-rugose

cost-competitive

cost-conscious

cost-efficient

costume ball

costume designer

costume drama

costume fitting

costume hire

costume party

cowardly custard

crap artist

crap hat

cumulative sum

custard filling

custard mixture

custard tart

custard-coloured

custard-filled

custody arrangement

custody battle

custody hearing

custody officer

custody rights

custody sergeant

custom house broker

custom house official

custom house waiter

customary marriage

customary union

customer base

customer care

customer complaint

customer database

customer demand

customer feedback

customer focus

customer loyalty

customer orientation

customer profile

customer relations

customer representative

customer satisfaction

customer service

customer survey

customer weaver

customer-focused

customer-orientated

customer-oriented

custom-make

customs agent

customs broker

customs collector

customs office

customs-free

deflection yoke

developing machine

development agency

development aid

development bank

development cost

development economics

development economist

development fund

development hell

development phase

development plan

development process

development programme

development project

development rock

development stage

development strategy

development system

development well

developmental disability

developmental genetics

developmental psychologist

developmental psychology

ding kit

ding repair kit

cheeseless

cheffy

costumey

custard-like

filthifying

yolk-like

egg custard

enhanced interrogation

enhanced interrogation technique

film noirish

filopodial

fine structural

shopability

executive chef

false friend

film acting

film actor

film archive

film buff

film can

film canister

film cartridge

film credit

film criticism

film director

film distributor

film gate

film grain

film library

film negative

film première

film projector

film review

film reviewer

film score

film screening

film shoot

film soundtrack

film strength

film studies

film theatre

film theory

film transport

film version

film world

film wrap

film-broken

film-coated

film-wrapped

filst-ale

filter bank

filter capacitor

filter cartridge

filter cigarette

filter flask

filter inductor

filter pump

filtering bed

filtering cloth

filtering software

filth fly

filth theory

filthy-minded

filtration camp

fine dining

Fine Gaeler

fine etcher

fine food

fine granular

fine herbs

fine-edged

fine-line

finery bellows

fining agent

fish ball

foam blank

focal plane array

focus lock

focus puller

focus ring

focusing ring

fodder beet

fodder tree

fog cutter

fog drip

fog limit

fog machine

fog mull

fog-breaker

fourth-generation language

FTA

gingerbread cookie

gingerbread maker

gingerbread seller

golden ticket

Hainanese chicken rice

hollow leg

hospital corner

immersion hypothermia

incline plane

inclining dial

inclusion body

inclusive education

Keeper of the Writs

kind man

kind regards

kindergarten class

kindergarten student

kindergarten teacher

kindly feeder

kindly limb

kindly-faced

kiss cam

latrine pit

lavabo towel

lavatory cubicle

leaf abscission

leaf anatomy

leaf angle

leaf apex

leaf biomass

leaf burn

leaf cuticle

leaf discoloration

leaf drop

leaf fish

leaf flush

leaf gall

leaf joint

leaf lamina

leaf lettuce

leaf margin

leaf meristem

leaf mine

leaf morphology

leaf mulch

leaf mustard

leaf petiole

leaf salad

leaf sap

leaf senescence

leaf shade

leaf spinach

leaf stem

leaf substance

leaf succulent

leaf surface

leaf tip

leaf tissue

leaf vegetable

leaf venation

leafbird

leaf-carved

leaf-covered

leaf-filled

leaf-patterned

leaf-shaded

leaf-thin

leafy green

leafy liverwort

leafy sea dragon

leafy spurge

leave it out!

left over

resting bitch face

sharp elbows

sharp-elbowed

shop attendant

shop bench

shop drawing

shop drive

shop foreman

shop kitchen

shop manager

shop opening hours

shop owner

shop superintendent

shop tax

shopland

shopped

shopping channel

shopping district

shopping network

shopping strip

shop-walking

sound card

spit-up

square eyes

stain remover

STEM

surgical spirit

tandem surfboard

tandem surfer

tandem surfing

T-bone

team bonding

team captain

team coach

team effort

team high

team load

team member

team roper

team roping

team sheet

team-based

teaming agreement

team-oriented

tiger mother

to have (a) hollow leg(s)

to have a hollow leg

to have hollow legs

to leave behind

to leave off

to leave out

to leave over

to spit up

trolley dash

tube ride

tube rider

tube riding

Turtle Island

urinary tract

urinary tract infection

view camera

view count

view paint

viewing angle

view-taking

want list

wantage rod

wardrobe basic

wardrobe door

wardrobe essential

wardrobe space

wardrobe staple

wave riding

waverider

wax comb

Windsor soup

woring

WWJD

WWJD bracelet

yob culture

yoga mat

yoga pants

yogic flying

yogurt pot

yo-heave-ho theory

yokewood

yolk store

New senses

blitz, v.

bracket, n.

chalk, v.

cob-castle, n.

creamer, n.

cutlery, n.

deaf, adj.

diarize, v.

dry, v.

exclusive, adj. and n.

forget, v.

goss, n.1

grass, n.1

hen, n.

kick, v.1

leash, n.

light, n.1

line, n.2

loose-leaf, adj.

same, adj., pron., and adv.

Sapphic, adj. and n.

shoot, v.

squint, n.

squint, v.

storm, n.

style, v.

styling, n.

third, adj., (adv.), and n.

transporter, n.

trap, n.1

trashed, adj.

upspeak, v.

vermicelli, n.

aggrupation, n.

Ah Beng, n.

aiyah, int.

aiyoh, int.

Aling, n.

ang pow, n.

arnis, n.

atas, adj.

balut, n.

bayanihan, n.

biatch, n.

biffy, n.

bocconcini, n.

bodoh, adj. and n.

bracketology, n.

butt-fuck, n.

butt-fuck, v.

butt-fucker, n.

butt-fucking, n.

card reader, n.

casa, n.2

char kway teow, n.

cheeba, n.

cheek kiss, n.

cheer squad, n.

cheerer-upper, n.

cheerlead, v.

cheer-up, adj.

cheese eater, n.

cheese, v.3

cheeseball, n. and adj.

cheese-eating, adj.

chef de cabinet, n.

chef de cuisine, n.

chef de mission, n.

chef de partie, n.

chef d’equipe, n.

chefdom, n.

chiva, n.

cliché-verre, n.

click and collect, adj. and n.

clickbait, n.

clickjacking, n.

clicktivism, n.

clicktivist, n. (and adj.)

clickwrap, n.

clientelist, adj.

clientitis, n.

client-side, adj.

cliff, v.

Clifford, n.

CliffsNotes, n.

clifty, v.

costately, adv.

costi-, comb._form

courtside, n., adj., and adv.

crap, int.

crapper, n.1

cussing, adj.

cussing, n.

customary, n.2

custos archivorum, n.

custos morum, n.

cusum, n.

Dahlesque, adj.

development tool, n.

developmental biologist, n.

developmental biology, n.

film guide, n.

film school, n. and adj.

filmer, n.

film-going, n.

filmi geet, n.

filmsetter, n.

filsting, n.

filter feed, n.

filter feed, v.

filterless, adj. (and n.)

filthied, adj.

fine artist, n.

fine liner, n.

fine ware, n.

fine, n.3

fine-comb, v.

fine-tuned, adj.

flerovium, n.

focality, n.

focking, adj. and adv.

fody, n.

foefie slide, n.

fog index, n.

Foggy Bottom, n.

freemium, n.

fuhgeddaboudit, int.

grandwean, n.

hongbao, n.

Horatio Alger, n.

ileafful, adj. and n.

jack-off, n. and adj.

jagoff, n.

Joachimsthaler, n.

kare-kare, n.

kegerator, n.

kinder, n.

Kindertransport, n.

kindredly, adj.

kindsa, adj.

kopitiam, n.

leaf feeding, adj.

leaf feeding, n.

leaf mosaic, n.

leaf tea, n.

leaf-love, n.

leche flan, n.

lechon asado, n.

lechon, n.

levain, n.

little old lady, n.

livermorium, n.

lola, n.

lolo, n.2

mamak, n. and adj.

Mang, n.

‘Merica, n.

moobs, n.

neurofeedback, n.

neuroplasticity, n.

non-apology, n.

Oompa Loompa, n.

pain au levain, n.

pancit, n.

puto, n.

refurb, adj.

refurb, n.

refurb, v.

rendang, n.

scrimption, n.

scrumdiddlyumptious, adj.

shootaround, n.

shop, v.2

shopaholism, n.

shoplifted, adj.

shoplifting, adj.

shoppable, adj.

shoppertainment, n.

shopping, adj.

shopping, n.1

skronk, int. and n.

slacktivism, n.

slacktivist, n.

spanakopita, n.

squee, int. and n.

squee, v.

sugo, n.

swirlie, n.

tabo, n.

T-bone, v.

tita, n.

tito, n.

toot, n.7

transmat, n.

uh-oh, int.

unsub, n.

upcharge, n.

upspeak, n.

uptalk, n.

viewbook, n.

viewgraph, n.

view-through, n. and adj.

vom, n.

vom, v.

wantingly, adv.1

wantrow, v.

wantruke, n.

want-to, n.

wanzing, n.

witching hour, n.

yaya, n.

yleave, v.

yobbism, n.

yocto-, comb._form

Yoda, n.

Yoda-like, adj.

Yogalates, n.

yogasana, n.

yo-heave-ho, v.

yohimbe, n.

yo-hope, n. (and int.)

yokan, n.

Yokutsan, adj. and n.

yolked, adj.2

yolker, n.

yolkiness, n.2

YOLO, int. and adj.

yotta-, comb._form

zepto-, comb._form

zetta-, comb._form