Nicola Bulley drowned after entering cold river water, inquest told
Drowning experts told the hearing entering into cold water can cause a victim to gasp and inhale water and drown within seconds.
Mother-of-two Nicola Bulley drowned after entering cold river water – and there is no evidence anyone else was involved in her death, her inquest has heard.
Two witnesses said they heard a scream coming from the area of the River Wyre where the 45-year-old was last seen on the day she disappeared, Preston Coroner’s Court heard.
Drowning experts told the hearing entering into cold water can cause a victim to gasp and inhale water and drown within seconds.
Professor Michael Tipton, a world expert in drowning, said there would have been a “fairly rapid incapacitation” after Ms Bulley went into the river on the morning of January 27, which could have been as cold as 3C.
It may have been just seconds before she began to lose consciousness, the hearing was told.
Prof Tipton said he agreed with Home Office pathologist Alison Armour, who conducted a post-mortem examination and concluded Ms Bulley drowned.
He said Ms Armour’s finding of water in the stomach and lungs is consistent with a “gasp response” under water, with liquid entering the body’s organs.
Ms Bulley vanished after dropping off her daughters, six and nine, at school, and taking her usual dog walk along the river in St Michael’s, Lancashire, on January 27.
Her mobile phone, still connected to a work Teams call, was found on a bench overlooking the water. Her body was found in the river about a mile from the bench on February 19.
Prof Tipton told the inquest: “In my opinion, given the nature of the likely entry into the water, I would suspect Nikki had a gasp response under the water, initiating the drowning process.
“On the balance of probability there was a fairly rapid incapacitation due to the cold shock.”
It could have been an estimated “20 to 30 seconds” before Ms Bulley lost consciousness, the inquest was told.
Two breaths of water would have been a “lethal dose” for someone of Ms Bulley’s size, Prof Tipton said.
Cold water expert Dr Patrick Morgan said: “On the occasion that the individual has taken that initial gasp on the surface of the water and then gone below, the duration would be 10 seconds that you could hold your breath and very likely one or two seconds at best.”
Pc Matthew Thackray, a police underwater diver, said the area where Ms Bulley is believed to have gone into the water has a steep slope.
He added: “The river was 4C, so almost freezing, and if she fell in, the muscles would probably seize, making it difficult to swim properly.”
Nurse Helen O’Neill said: “I heard a scream, it’s not an alarming noise, it was just over in a couple of seconds.
“There were no other sounds for me to be concerned about.”
Veronica Claesen said: “I was just about to get into the car and I heard a scream. A very short scream and my immediate thought was, ‘Somebody is having a bit of fun at the back of the graveyard’.”
Police analysis of Ms Bulley’s iPhone and Fitbit watch showed the phone’s last human generated interaction was at 9.18am and the watch stopped recording steps beyond 9.30am.
This suggested she entered the water between those two times, the hearing was told.
Ms Bulley, a mortgage adviser originally from near Chelmsford and living inInskip, was immediately deemed a “high risk” missing person when she disappeared.
Ms Bulley’s partner Paul Ansell will give evidence on Tuesday at Preston’s County Hall.