Let me ask you this: 'What is it like living on Earth after living in space?'

First of all, the food is much better here on Earth. And taking showers and going to the bathroom are much easier to do here, too.

But you do go through a strange adaptation process when you return to Earth.

The first thing you notice is that everything seems really heavy. After 95 days on the International Space Station, I returned to Earth in the Space Shuttle Discovery. I took off my helmet and it felt like I was holding the anchor of the USS Nimitz in my hand. Oh great, I thought, how am I ever going to brush my teeth? The brush will be too heavy!

The next thing you notice is that your vestibular system is all messed up. Just sitting up took a lot of concentration. After about 15 minutes I was able to stand, but I would have keeled right over if there weren't a lot of things to hold on to in the mid-deck of Discovery.

You see, your brain is remarkably adaptable. After just a few days in space, it figures out that your inner ear is producing nothing but garbage signals, and so the brain turns the gains of those signals way down in its Kalman filter and cranks up the gains on your visual sensors, the eyes. Then all is well, until you come back to Earth. Now you need your inner ear sensor again, but the brain is still filtering it out. Gradually the brain re-calibrates, but it takes a while.

For me, the process went pretty quickly. We don't know why, but anecdotally I can tell you that short and stocky people re-adapt more quickly than tall and lanky folks.

This was only the second time in my life that being short came in handy. (The first time being during limbo contests at Bar Mitzvahs in New Jersey in the early Eighties.)

After about an hour, I was able to walk around the shuttle on the runway at the Kennedy Space Centre and I was even able to go out to a local bar with my crewmates – I managed to eat half a cheeseburger and drink half a beer.

On my second flight, STS-132, which was only about two weeks in duration, we went to the same bar afterwards and I had a whole cheeseburger and a whole glass of beer.

So when people ask me what was the difference between a long-duration space flight and a short-duration space flight, I have a quantifiable answer: a half cheeseburger and a half beer!

Garrett Reisman, former NASA astronaut

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