Police also found a pump-action shotgun and knives in his car, showing the attacker was armed for an extended assault.
Isis swiftly claimed responsibility for the attack, giving the perpetrator a war name indicating he had links in Belgium and hailing him as a "fighter of the Islamic State".
The speed of the claim and the fact the attacker was identified suggests he was in contact with the group and informed militants of his plan in advance.
War names were previously used by Isis to identify the jihadis who carried out the Paris and Brussels attacks, which were coordinated with commanders in Syria
The group has issued detailed instructions on carrying out car and shooting attacks in its propaganda magazines, which urged followers to leave letters or other proof of their support to be found by authorities.
Gunman attack on the Champs-Elysees
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“Lest the operation be mistaken for one of the many random acts of violence that plague the West, it is essential to leave some kind of evidence or insignia identifying the motive and allegiance to the caliphate, even if it is something as simple as a note,” said an article calling for knife attacks in October.
The article, followed by another specifically calling for lorry attacks, was followed by massacres in Berlin, Stockholm and London.
Notes claiming to express support for Isis were found following bombings targeting the Borussia Dortmund football team earlier this month, although they later emerged to be fabrications by a market trader hoping to profit from falling shares.
The main suspect for Thursday's atrocity is Karim Cheurfi, who had an extensive criminal record including the attempted murder of two police officers.
Three of his relatives were detained in searches of his family home in Chelles, although police stressed the move was standard procedure for questioning.
Cheurfi was jailed for attempted murders that saw him shoot two police officers – one during a car chase in 2001 and a second days later after seizing his gun in custody, Le Parisien reported.
At a trial in 2003, Cheurfi was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, which was later reduced to 15 on appeal, and it was unclear when he was released.
Police officers search the house of a suspect after a gunman opened fire on police in the Champs Elysees, in Chelles on 20 April (AFP/Getty Images)
He was also arrested in February as part of a counter-terror investigation - reportedly for threatening police officers - but was released by the courts because of insufficient evidence the following day.
Pierre-Henry Brandet, a spokesperson for the French interior ministry, described the suspected gunman, who has not yet been officially named, as an “individual known by the judiciary and police services – a dangerous individual”.
French authorities said they would not formally name the gunman, who was shot dead at the scene, until they had established whether he was working with accomplices.
Witnesses said he parked a car behind a police van on the Champs Elysees on Thursday night, emerging to open fire with a Kalashnikov.
One officer was killed and two more injured, as well as a German woman whose foot was injured.
One of the officers underwent emergency surgery overnight, but an interior ministry official said both injured officers were now “out of danger”.
It was one of almost a dozen attacks and plots targeting the French security services since 2012, including the murder of a police officer and his wife by an Isis supporter north of Paris, a machete attack outside Le Louvre and an attempted murder at Orly airport.
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